diff --git a/.eslintrc.yaml b/.eslintrc.yaml
index 081e4a2db4..88ae98db8d 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.yaml
+++ b/.eslintrc.yaml
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ rules:
   no-this-before-super: [2]
   no-throw-literal: [2]
   no-undef-init: [2]
-  no-undef: [2, {typeof: true}]
+  no-undef: [2, {typeof: true}] # TODO: disable this rule after tsc passes
   no-undefined: [0]
   no-underscore-dangle: [0]
   no-unexpected-multiline: [2]
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/autofocus-end.ts b/web_src/js/features/autofocus-end.ts
index da71ce9536..53e475b543 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/autofocus-end.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/autofocus-end.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 export function initAutoFocusEnd() {
-  for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('.js-autofocus-end')) {
+  for (const el of document.querySelectorAll<HTMLInputElement>('.js-autofocus-end')) {
     el.focus(); // expects only one such element on one page. If there are many, then the last one gets the focus.
     el.setSelectionRange(el.value.length, el.value.length);
   }
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/captcha.ts b/web_src/js/features/captcha.ts
index 23dbae3740..69b4aa6852 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/captcha.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/captcha.ts
@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ export async function initCaptcha() {
     }
     case 'm-captcha': {
       const {default: mCaptcha} = await import(/* webpackChunkName: "mcaptcha-vanilla-glue" */'@mcaptcha/vanilla-glue');
+      // @ts-expect-error
       mCaptcha.INPUT_NAME = 'm-captcha-response';
       const instanceURL = captchaEl.getAttribute('data-instance-url');
 
+      // @ts-expect-error
       mCaptcha.default({
         siteKey: {
           instanceUrl: new URL(instanceURL),
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/citation.ts b/web_src/js/features/citation.ts
index c9b07efe77..8fc6beabfb 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/citation.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/citation.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
 
 const {pageData} = window.config;
 
-async function initInputCitationValue(citationCopyApa, citationCopyBibtex) {
+async function initInputCitationValue(citationCopyApa: HTMLButtonElement, citationCopyBibtex: HTMLButtonElement) {
   const [{Cite, plugins}] = await Promise.all([
     import(/* webpackChunkName: "citation-js-core" */'@citation-js/core'),
     import(/* webpackChunkName: "citation-js-formats" */'@citation-js/plugin-software-formats'),
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ export async function initCitationFileCopyContent() {
 
   if (!pageData.citationFileContent) return;
 
-  const citationCopyApa = document.querySelector('#citation-copy-apa');
-  const citationCopyBibtex = document.querySelector('#citation-copy-bibtex');
-  const inputContent = document.querySelector('#citation-copy-content');
+  const citationCopyApa = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('#citation-copy-apa');
+  const citationCopyBibtex = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('#citation-copy-bibtex');
+  const inputContent = document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('#citation-copy-content');
 
   if ((!citationCopyApa && !citationCopyBibtex) || !inputContent) return;
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export async function initCitationFileCopyContent() {
     citationCopyApa.classList.toggle('primary', !isBibtex);
   };
 
-  document.querySelector('#cite-repo-button')?.addEventListener('click', async (e) => {
+  document.querySelector('#cite-repo-button')?.addEventListener('click', async (e: MouseEvent & {target: HTMLAnchorElement}) => {
     const dropdownBtn = e.target.closest('.ui.dropdown.button');
     dropdownBtn.classList.add('is-loading');
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/clipboard.ts b/web_src/js/features/clipboard.ts
index 8de150d0f9..8f40f34f74 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/clipboard.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/clipboard.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const {copy_success, copy_error} = window.config.i18n;
 // - data-clipboard-target: Holds a selector for a <input> or <textarea> whose content is copied
 // - data-clipboard-text-type: When set to 'url' will convert relative to absolute urls
 export function initGlobalCopyToClipboardListener() {
-  document.addEventListener('click', async (e) => {
+  document.addEventListener('click', async (e: MouseEvent & {target: HTMLElement}) => {
     const target = e.target.closest('[data-clipboard-text], [data-clipboard-target]');
     if (!target) return;
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export function initGlobalCopyToClipboardListener() {
 
     let text = target.getAttribute('data-clipboard-text');
     if (!text) {
-      text = document.querySelector(target.getAttribute('data-clipboard-target'))?.value;
+      text = document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>(target.getAttribute('data-clipboard-target'))?.value;
     }
 
     if (text && target.getAttribute('data-clipboard-text-type') === 'url') {
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/codeeditor.ts b/web_src/js/features/codeeditor.ts
index 9a854b2657..ee515e25e2 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/codeeditor.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/codeeditor.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const baseOptions = {
   automaticLayout: true,
 };
 
-function getEditorconfig(input) {
+function getEditorconfig(input: HTMLInputElement) {
   try {
     return JSON.parse(input.getAttribute('data-editorconfig'));
   } catch {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ function exportEditor(editor) {
   if (!window.codeEditors.includes(editor)) window.codeEditors.push(editor);
 }
 
-export async function createMonaco(textarea, filename, editorOpts) {
+export async function createMonaco(textarea: HTMLTextAreaElement, filename: string, editorOpts: Record<string, any>) {
   const monaco = await import(/* webpackChunkName: "monaco" */'monaco-editor');
 
   initLanguages(monaco);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export async function createMonaco(textarea, filename, editorOpts) {
   // https://github.com/microsoft/monaco-editor/issues/2427
   // also, monaco can only parse 6-digit hex colors, so we convert the colors to that format
   const styles = window.getComputedStyle(document.documentElement);
-  const getColor = (name) => tinycolor(styles.getPropertyValue(name).trim()).toString('hex6');
+  const getColor = (name: string) => tinycolor(styles.getPropertyValue(name).trim()).toString('hex6');
 
   monaco.editor.defineTheme('gitea', {
     base: isDarkTheme() ? 'vs-dark' : 'vs',
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ export async function createMonaco(textarea, filename, editorOpts) {
   return {monaco, editor};
 }
 
-function getFileBasedOptions(filename, lineWrapExts) {
+function getFileBasedOptions(filename: string, lineWrapExts: string[]) {
   return {
     wordWrap: (lineWrapExts || []).includes(extname(filename)) ? 'on' : 'off',
   };
 }
 
-function togglePreviewDisplay(previewable) {
+function togglePreviewDisplay(previewable: boolean) {
   const previewTab = document.querySelector('a[data-tab="preview"]');
   if (!previewTab) return;
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ function togglePreviewDisplay(previewable) {
   }
 }
 
-export async function createCodeEditor(textarea, filenameInput) {
+export async function createCodeEditor(textarea: HTMLTextAreaElement, filenameInput: HTMLInputElement) {
   const filename = basename(filenameInput.value);
   const previewableExts = new Set((textarea.getAttribute('data-previewable-extensions') || '').split(','));
   const lineWrapExts = (textarea.getAttribute('data-line-wrap-extensions') || '').split(',');
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ export async function createCodeEditor(textarea, filenameInput) {
   return editor;
 }
 
-function getEditorConfigOptions(ec) {
+function getEditorConfigOptions(ec: Record<string, any>): Record<string, any> {
   if (!isObject(ec)) return {};
 
-  const opts = {};
+  const opts: Record<string, any> = {};
   opts.detectIndentation = !('indent_style' in ec) || !('indent_size' in ec);
   if ('indent_size' in ec) opts.indentSize = Number(ec.indent_size);
   if ('tab_width' in ec) opts.tabSize = Number(ec.tab_width) || opts.indentSize;
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/colorpicker.ts b/web_src/js/features/colorpicker.ts
index 3b5f8c66eb..bf20aed545 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/colorpicker.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/colorpicker.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import {createTippy} from '../modules/tippy.ts';
 
 export async function initColorPickers() {
-  const els = document.querySelectorAll('.js-color-picker-input');
+  const els = document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('.js-color-picker-input');
   if (!els.length) return;
 
   await Promise.all([
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ export async function initColorPickers() {
   }
 }
 
-function updateSquare(el, newValue) {
+function updateSquare(el: HTMLElement, newValue: string): void {
   el.style.color = /#[0-9a-f]{6}/i.test(newValue) ? newValue : 'transparent';
 }
 
-function updatePicker(el, newValue) {
+function updatePicker(el: HTMLElement, newValue: string): void {
   el.setAttribute('color', newValue);
 }
 
-function initPicker(el) {
+function initPicker(el: HTMLElement): void {
   const input = el.querySelector('input');
 
   const square = document.createElement('div');
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ function initPicker(el) {
     updateSquare(square, e.detail.value);
   });
 
-  input.addEventListener('input', (e) => {
+  input.addEventListener('input', (e: Event & {target: HTMLInputElement}) => {
     updateSquare(square, e.target.value);
     updatePicker(picker, e.target.value);
   });
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ function initPicker(el) {
 
   // init precolors
   for (const colorEl of el.querySelectorAll('.precolors .color')) {
-    colorEl.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+    colorEl.addEventListener('click', (e: MouseEvent & {target: HTMLAnchorElement}) => {
       const newValue = e.target.getAttribute('data-color-hex');
       input.value = newValue;
       input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', {bubbles: true}));
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts b/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts
index 7e335ce7b4..4aca5ef8f5 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {POST} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
 import {hideElem, showElem, toggleElem} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 import {showErrorToast} from '../modules/toast.ts';
 
-export function initGlobalButtonClickOnEnter() {
+export function initGlobalButtonClickOnEnter(): void {
   $(document).on('keypress', 'div.ui.button,span.ui.button', (e) => {
     if (e.code === ' ' || e.code === 'Enter') {
       $(e.target).trigger('click');
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ export function initGlobalButtonClickOnEnter() {
   });
 }
 
-export function initGlobalDeleteButton() {
+export function initGlobalDeleteButton(): void {
   // ".delete-button" shows a confirmation modal defined by `data-modal-id` attribute.
   // Some model/form elements will be filled by `data-id` / `data-name` / `data-data-xxx` attributes.
   // If there is a form defined by `data-form`, then the form will be submitted as-is (without any modification).
   // If there is no form, then the data will be posted to `data-url`.
   // TODO: it's not encouraged to use this method. `show-modal` does far better than this.
-  for (const btn of document.querySelectorAll('.delete-button')) {
+  for (const btn of document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('.delete-button')) {
     btn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
       e.preventDefault();
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export function initGlobalDeleteButton() {
           // if `data-type="form"` exists, then submit the form by the selector provided by `data-form="..."`
           if (btn.getAttribute('data-type') === 'form') {
             const formSelector = btn.getAttribute('data-form');
-            const form = document.querySelector(formSelector);
+            const form = document.querySelector<HTMLFormElement>(formSelector);
             if (!form) throw new Error(`no form named ${formSelector} found`);
             form.submit();
           }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export function initGlobalDeleteButton() {
   }
 }
 
-export function initGlobalButtons() {
+export function initGlobalButtons(): void {
   // There are many "cancel button" elements in modal dialogs, Fomantic UI expects they are button-like elements but never submit a form.
   // However, Gitea misuses the modal dialog and put the cancel buttons inside forms, so we must prevent the form submission.
   // There are a few cancel buttons in non-modal forms, and there are some dynamically created forms (eg: the "Edit Issue Content")
diff --git a/web_src/js/globals.d.ts b/web_src/js/globals.d.ts
index 68081af606..9964293727 100644
--- a/web_src/js/globals.d.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/globals.d.ts
@@ -58,4 +58,8 @@ interface Window {
     push: (e: ErrorEvent & PromiseRejectionEvent) => void | number,
   },
   __webpack_public_path__: string;
+  grecaptcha: any,
+  turnstile: any,
+  hcaptcha: any,
+  codeEditors: any[],
 }
diff --git a/web_src/js/markup/math.ts b/web_src/js/markup/math.ts
index 34ca79f493..6a1ca2f2e3 100644
--- a/web_src/js/markup/math.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/markup/math.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ function targetElement(el: Element) {
   return el.classList.contains('is-loading') ? el : el.closest('pre');
 }
 
-export async function renderMath(): void {
+export async function renderMath(): Promise<void> {
   const els = document.querySelectorAll('.markup code.language-math');
   if (!els.length) return;
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/dirauto.ts b/web_src/js/modules/dirauto.ts
index db45a9cd17..7058a59b09 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/dirauto.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/dirauto.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function attachDirAuto(el: DirElement) {
   }
 }
 
-export function initDirAuto() {
+export function initDirAuto(): void {
   const observer = new MutationObserver((mutationList) => {
     const len = mutationList.length;
     for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fetch.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fetch.ts
index 90ff718498..de3ef1de7e 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fetch.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fetch.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const safeMethods = new Set(['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'TRACE']);
 // fetch wrapper, use below method name functions and the `data` option to pass in data
 // which will automatically set an appropriate headers. For json content, only object
 // and array types are currently supported.
-export function request(url: string, {method = 'GET', data, headers = {}, ...other}: RequestOpts = {}) {
+export function request(url: string, {method = 'GET', data, headers = {}, ...other}: RequestOpts = {}): Promise<Response> {
   let body: RequestData;
   let contentType: string;
   if (data instanceof FormData || data instanceof URLSearchParams) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts
index d4c71ede57..af47c8fb51 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export function initGiteaFomantic() {
   // Do not use "cursor: pointer" for dropdown labels
   $.fn.dropdown.settings.className.label += ' tw-cursor-default';
   // Always use Gitea's SVG icons
-  $.fn.dropdown.settings.templates.label = function(_value, text, preserveHTML, className) {
+  $.fn.dropdown.settings.templates.label = function(_value: any, text: any, preserveHTML: any, className: Record<string, string>) {
     const escape = $.fn.dropdown.settings.templates.escape;
     return escape(text, preserveHTML) + svg('octicon-x', 16, `${className.delete} icon`);
   };
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/api.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/api.ts
index ca212c9fef..97430450e2 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/api.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/api.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import $ from 'jquery';
+import type {FomanticInitFunction} from '../../types.ts';
 
 export function initFomanticApiPatch() {
   //
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ export function initFomanticApiPatch() {
   //
   const patchKey = '_giteaFomanticApiPatch';
   const oldApi = $.api;
-  $.api = $.fn.api = function(...args) {
+  $.api = $.fn.api = function(...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
     const apiCall = oldApi.bind(this);
     const ret = oldApi.apply(this, args);
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ export function initFomanticApiPatch() {
       const internalGet = apiCall('internal', 'get');
       if (!internalGet.urlEncodedValue[patchKey]) {
         const oldUrlEncodedValue = internalGet.urlEncodedValue;
-        internalGet.urlEncodedValue = function (value) {
+        internalGet.urlEncodedValue = function (value: any) {
           try {
             return oldUrlEncodedValue(value);
           } catch {
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/base.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/base.ts
index 10b5ed014f..18f91932a9 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/base.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/base.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export function generateAriaId() {
   return `_aria_auto_id_${ariaIdCounter++}`;
 }
 
-export function linkLabelAndInput(label, input) {
+export function linkLabelAndInput(label: Element, input: Element) {
   const labelFor = label.getAttribute('for');
   const inputId = input.getAttribute('id');
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dimmer.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dimmer.ts
index e59b6e9eea..4e05cac0cd 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dimmer.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dimmer.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {queryElemChildren} from '../../utils/dom.ts';
 
 export function initFomanticDimmer() {
   // stand-in for removed dimmer module
-  $.fn.dimmer = function (arg0, arg1) {
+  $.fn.dimmer = function (arg0: string, arg1: any) {
     if (arg0 === 'add content') {
       const $el = arg1;
       const existingDimmer = document.querySelector('body > .ui.dimmer');
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
index 7ef6aed62b..d8fb4d6e6e 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import $ from 'jquery';
 import {generateAriaId} from './base.ts';
+import type {FomanticInitFunction} from '../../types.ts';
 
 const ariaPatchKey = '_giteaAriaPatchDropdown';
 const fomanticDropdownFn = $.fn.dropdown;
@@ -8,13 +9,13 @@ const fomanticDropdownFn = $.fn.dropdown;
 export function initAriaDropdownPatch() {
   if ($.fn.dropdown === ariaDropdownFn) throw new Error('initAriaDropdownPatch could only be called once');
   $.fn.dropdown = ariaDropdownFn;
-  ariaDropdownFn.settings = fomanticDropdownFn.settings;
+  (ariaDropdownFn as FomanticInitFunction).settings = fomanticDropdownFn.settings;
 }
 
 // the patched `$.fn.dropdown` function, it passes the arguments to Fomantic's `$.fn.dropdown` function, and:
 // * it does the one-time attaching on the first call
 // * it delegates the `onLabelCreate` to the patched `onLabelCreate` to add necessary aria attributes
-function ariaDropdownFn(...args) {
+function ariaDropdownFn(...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
   const ret = fomanticDropdownFn.apply(this, args);
 
   // if the `$().dropdown()` call is without arguments, or it has non-string (object) argument,
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ function ariaDropdownFn(...args) {
 
 // make the item has role=option/menuitem, add an id if there wasn't one yet, make items as non-focusable
 // the elements inside the dropdown menu item should not be focusable, the focus should always be on the dropdown primary element.
-function updateMenuItem(dropdown, item) {
+function updateMenuItem(dropdown: HTMLElement, item: HTMLElement) {
   if (!item.id) item.id = generateAriaId();
   item.setAttribute('role', dropdown[ariaPatchKey].listItemRole);
   item.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ function updateMenuItem(dropdown, item) {
  * make the label item and its "delete icon" have correct aria attributes
  * @param {HTMLElement} label
  */
-function updateSelectionLabel(label) {
+function updateSelectionLabel(label: HTMLElement) {
   // the "label" is like this: "<a|div class="ui label" data-value="1">the-label-name <i|svg class="delete icon"/></a>"
   if (!label.id) {
     label.id = generateAriaId();
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ function updateSelectionLabel(label) {
 }
 
 // delegate the dropdown's template functions and callback functions to add aria attributes.
-function delegateOne($dropdown) {
+function delegateOne($dropdown: any) {
   const dropdownCall = fomanticDropdownFn.bind($dropdown);
 
   // If there is a "search input" in the "menu", Fomantic will only "focus the input" but not "toggle the menu" when the "dropdown icon" is clicked.
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ function delegateOne($dropdown) {
   // the "template" functions are used for dynamic creation (eg: AJAX)
   const dropdownTemplates = {...dropdownCall('setting', 'templates'), t: performance.now()};
   const dropdownTemplatesMenuOld = dropdownTemplates.menu;
-  dropdownTemplates.menu = function(response, fields, preserveHTML, className) {
+  dropdownTemplates.menu = function(response: any, fields: any, preserveHTML: any, className: Record<string, string>) {
     // when the dropdown menu items are loaded from AJAX requests, the items are created dynamically
     const menuItems = dropdownTemplatesMenuOld(response, fields, preserveHTML, className);
     const div = document.createElement('div');
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ function delegateOne($dropdown) {
 
   // the `onLabelCreate` is used to add necessary aria attributes for dynamically created selection labels
   const dropdownOnLabelCreateOld = dropdownCall('setting', 'onLabelCreate');
-  dropdownCall('setting', 'onLabelCreate', function(value, text) {
+  dropdownCall('setting', 'onLabelCreate', function(value: any, text: string) {
     const $label = dropdownOnLabelCreateOld.call(this, value, text);
     updateSelectionLabel($label[0]);
     return $label;
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ function delegateOne($dropdown) {
 
   const oldSet = dropdownCall('internal', 'set');
   const oldSetDirection = oldSet.direction;
-  oldSet.direction = function($menu) {
+  oldSet.direction = function($menu: any) {
     oldSetDirection.call(this, $menu);
     const classNames = dropdownCall('setting', 'className');
     $menu = $menu || $dropdown.find('> .menu');
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ function delegateOne($dropdown) {
 }
 
 // for static dropdown elements (generated by server-side template), prepare them with necessary aria attributes
-function attachStaticElements(dropdown, focusable, menu) {
+function attachStaticElements(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HTMLElement) {
   // prepare static dropdown menu list popup
   if (!menu.id) {
     menu.id = generateAriaId();
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ function attachStaticElements(dropdown, focusable, menu) {
   menu.setAttribute('role', dropdown[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole);
 
   // prepare selection label items
-  for (const label of dropdown.querySelectorAll('.ui.label')) {
+  for (const label of dropdown.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('.ui.label')) {
     updateSelectionLabel(label);
   }
 
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ function attachStaticElements(dropdown, focusable, menu) {
   }
 }
 
-function attachInit(dropdown) {
+function attachInit(dropdown: HTMLElement) {
   dropdown[ariaPatchKey] = {};
   if (dropdown.classList.contains('custom')) return;
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ function attachInit(dropdown) {
 
   // TODO: multiple selection is only partially supported. Check and test them one by one in the future.
 
-  const textSearch = dropdown.querySelector('input.search');
+  const textSearch = dropdown.querySelector<HTMLElement>('input.search');
   const focusable = textSearch || dropdown; // the primary element for focus, see comment above
   if (!focusable) return;
 
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ function attachInit(dropdown) {
   attachStaticElements(dropdown, focusable, menu);
 }
 
-function attachDomEvents(dropdown, focusable, menu) {
+function attachDomEvents(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HTMLElement) {
   // when showing, it has class: ".animating.in"
   // when hiding, it has class: ".visible.animating.out"
   const isMenuVisible = () => (menu.classList.contains('visible') && !menu.classList.contains('out')) || menu.classList.contains('in');
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ function attachDomEvents(dropdown, focusable, menu) {
     }
   };
 
-  dropdown.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+  dropdown.addEventListener('keydown', (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
     // here it must use keydown event before dropdown's keyup handler, otherwise there is no Enter event in our keyup handler
     if (e.key === 'Enter') {
       const dropdownCall = fomanticDropdownFn.bind($(dropdown));
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ function attachDomEvents(dropdown, focusable, menu) {
       deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem(100);
     }, 0);
   }, true);
-  dropdown.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+  dropdown.addEventListener('click', (e: MouseEvent) => {
     if (isMenuVisible() &&
       ignoreClickPreVisible !== 2 && // dropdown is switch from invisible to visible
       ignoreClickPreEvents === 2 // the click event is related to mousedown+focus
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts
index 8b455cf4de..fb80047d01 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import $ from 'jquery';
+import type {FomanticInitFunction} from '../../types.ts';
 
 const fomanticModalFn = $.fn.modal;
 
@@ -6,12 +7,12 @@ const fomanticModalFn = $.fn.modal;
 export function initAriaModalPatch() {
   if ($.fn.modal === ariaModalFn) throw new Error('initAriaModalPatch could only be called once');
   $.fn.modal = ariaModalFn;
-  ariaModalFn.settings = fomanticModalFn.settings;
+  (ariaModalFn as FomanticInitFunction).settings = fomanticModalFn.settings;
 }
 
 // the patched `$.fn.modal` modal function
 // * it does the one-time attaching on the first call
-function ariaModalFn(...args) {
+function ariaModalFn(...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
   const ret = fomanticModalFn.apply(this, args);
   if (args[0] === 'show' || args[0]?.autoShow) {
     for (const el of this) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts
index 78aa0538b0..52c407c9c0 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ export function initFomanticTransition() {
     'set duration', 'save conditions', 'restore conditions',
   ]);
   // stand-in for removed transition module
-  $.fn.transition = function (arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+  $.fn.transition = function (arg0: any, arg1: any, arg2: any) {
     if (arg0 === 'is supported') return true;
     if (arg0 === 'is animating') return false;
     if (arg0 === 'is inward') return false;
     if (arg0 === 'is outward') return false;
 
-    let argObj;
+    let argObj: Record<string, any>;
     if (typeof arg0 === 'string') {
       // many behaviors are no-op now. https://fomantic-ui.com/modules/transition.html#/usage
       if (transitionNopBehaviors.has(arg0)) return this;
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/sortable.ts b/web_src/js/modules/sortable.ts
index 460f4c6d91..c31135357c 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/sortable.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/sortable.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-import type {SortableOptions} from 'sortablejs';
+import type {SortableOptions, SortableEvent} from 'sortablejs';
 
-export async function createSortable(el, opts: {handle?: string} & SortableOptions = {}) {
+export async function createSortable(el: HTMLElement, opts: {handle?: string} & SortableOptions = {}) {
+  // @ts-expect-error: wrong type derived by typescript
   const {Sortable} = await import(/* webpackChunkName: "sortablejs" */'sortablejs');
 
   return new Sortable(el, {
     animation: 150,
     ghostClass: 'card-ghost',
-    onChoose: (e) => {
+    onChoose: (e: SortableEvent) => {
       const handle = opts.handle ? e.item.querySelector(opts.handle) : e.item;
       handle.classList.add('tw-cursor-grabbing');
       opts.onChoose?.(e);
     },
-    onUnchoose: (e) => {
+    onUnchoose: (e: SortableEvent) => {
       const handle = opts.handle ? e.item.querySelector(opts.handle) : e.item;
       handle.classList.remove('tw-cursor-grabbing');
       opts.onUnchoose?.(e);
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/tippy.ts b/web_src/js/modules/tippy.ts
index 7948e3ecbc..ce0b3cbc39 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/tippy.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/tippy.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import tippy, {followCursor} from 'tippy.js';
 import {isDocumentFragmentOrElementNode} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 import {formatDatetime} from '../utils/time.ts';
-import type {Content, Instance, Props} from 'tippy.js';
+import type {Content, Instance, Placement, Props} from 'tippy.js';
 
 type TippyOpts = {
   role?: string,
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export function createTippy(target: Element, opts: TippyOpts = {}): Instance {
   // because we should use our own wrapper functions to handle them, do not let the user override them
   const {onHide, onShow, onDestroy, role, theme, arrow, ...other} = opts;
 
+  // @ts-expect-error: wrong type derived by typescript
   const instance: Instance = tippy(target, {
     appendTo: document.body,
     animation: false,
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ export function createTippy(target: Element, opts: TippyOpts = {}): Instance {
  *
  * Note: "tooltip" doesn't equal to "tippy". "tooltip" means a auto-popup content, it just uses tippy as the implementation.
  */
-function attachTooltip(target: Element, content: Content = null) {
+function attachTooltip(target: Element, content: Content = null): Instance {
   switchTitleToTooltip(target);
 
   content = content ?? target.getAttribute('data-tooltip-content');
@@ -77,16 +78,16 @@ function attachTooltip(target: Element, content: Content = null) {
   const hasClipboardTarget = target.hasAttribute('data-clipboard-target');
   const hideOnClick = !hasClipboardTarget;
 
-  const props = {
+  const props: TippyOpts = {
     content,
     delay: 100,
     role: 'tooltip',
     theme: 'tooltip',
     hideOnClick,
-    placement: target.getAttribute('data-tooltip-placement') || 'top-start',
-    followCursor: target.getAttribute('data-tooltip-follow-cursor') || false,
+    placement: target.getAttribute('data-tooltip-placement') as Placement || 'top-start',
+    followCursor: target.getAttribute('data-tooltip-follow-cursor') as Props['followCursor'] || false,
     ...(target.getAttribute('data-tooltip-interactive') === 'true' ? {interactive: true, aria: {content: 'describedby', expanded: false}} : {}),
-  } as TippyOpts;
+  };
 
   if (!target._tippy) {
     createTippy(target, props);
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ function attachTooltip(target: Element, content: Content = null) {
   return target._tippy;
 }
 
-function switchTitleToTooltip(target: Element) {
+function switchTitleToTooltip(target: Element): void {
   let title = target.getAttribute('title');
   if (title) {
     // apply custom formatting to relative-time's tooltips
@@ -121,14 +122,14 @@ function switchTitleToTooltip(target: Element) {
  * Some browsers like PaleMoon don't support "addEventListener('mouseenter', capture)"
  * The tippy by default uses "mouseenter" event to show, so we use "mouseover" event to switch to tippy
  */
-function lazyTooltipOnMouseHover(e: MouseEvent) {
+function lazyTooltipOnMouseHover(e: MouseEvent): void {
   e.target.removeEventListener('mouseover', lazyTooltipOnMouseHover, true);
   attachTooltip(this);
 }
 
 // Activate the tooltip for current element.
 // If the element has no aria-label, use the tooltip content as aria-label.
-function attachLazyTooltip(el: Element) {
+function attachLazyTooltip(el: Element): void {
   el.addEventListener('mouseover', lazyTooltipOnMouseHover, {capture: true});
 
   // meanwhile, if the element has no aria-label, use the tooltip content as aria-label
@@ -141,13 +142,13 @@ function attachLazyTooltip(el: Element) {
 }
 
 // Activate the tooltip for all children elements.
-function attachChildrenLazyTooltip(target: Element) {
+function attachChildrenLazyTooltip(target: Element): void {
   for (const el of target.querySelectorAll<Element>('[data-tooltip-content]')) {
     attachLazyTooltip(el);
   }
 }
 
-export function initGlobalTooltips() {
+export function initGlobalTooltips(): void {
   // use MutationObserver to detect new "data-tooltip-content" elements added to the DOM, or attributes changed
   const observerConnect = (observer: MutationObserver) => observer.observe(document, {
     subtree: true,
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ export function initGlobalTooltips() {
   attachChildrenLazyTooltip(document.documentElement);
 }
 
-export function showTemporaryTooltip(target: Element, content: Content) {
+export function showTemporaryTooltip(target: Element, content: Content): void {
   // if the target is inside a dropdown, the menu will be hidden soon
   // so display the tooltip on the dropdown instead
   target = target.closest('.ui.dropdown') || target;
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/worker.ts b/web_src/js/modules/worker.ts
index ddc02d7a7d..af2e52f411 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/worker.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/worker.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import {sleep} from '../utils.ts';
 
 const {appSubUrl} = window.config;
 
-export async function logoutFromWorker() {
+export async function logoutFromWorker(): Promise<void> {
   // wait for a while because other requests (eg: logout) may be in the flight
   await sleep(5000);
   window.location.href = `${appSubUrl}/`;
diff --git a/web_src/js/types.ts b/web_src/js/types.ts
index f5c4a40bca..317719fad5 100644
--- a/web_src/js/types.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/types.ts
@@ -54,3 +54,8 @@ export type Issue = {
     merged: boolean;
   };
 };
+
+export type FomanticInitFunction = {
+  settings?: Record<string, any>,
+  (...args: any[]): any,
+}
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils/match.ts b/web_src/js/utils/match.ts
index 1161ea6250..274c9322ff 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils/match.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils/match.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import emojis from '../../../assets/emoji.json';
 import {GET} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
-import type {Issue} from '../features/issue.ts';
+import type {Issue} from '../types.ts';
 
 const maxMatches = 6;