diff --git a/models/activities/notification.go b/models/activities/notification.go
index b888adeb60..6dde26fd53 100644
--- a/models/activities/notification.go
+++ b/models/activities/notification.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 
 	"xorm.io/builder"
+	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
 )
 
 type (
@@ -50,25 +51,64 @@ const (
 // Notification represents a notification
 type Notification struct {
 	ID     int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	UserID int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
-	RepoID int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	UserID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	RepoID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
 
-	Status NotificationStatus `xorm:"SMALLINT INDEX NOT NULL"`
-	Source NotificationSource `xorm:"SMALLINT INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	Status NotificationStatus `xorm:"SMALLINT NOT NULL"`
+	Source NotificationSource `xorm:"SMALLINT NOT NULL"`
 
-	IssueID   int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
-	CommitID  string `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	IssueID   int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	CommitID  string
 	CommentID int64
 
-	UpdatedBy int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	UpdatedBy int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
 
 	Issue      *issues_model.Issue    `xorm:"-"`
 	Repository *repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
 	Comment    *issues_model.Comment  `xorm:"-"`
 	User       *user_model.User       `xorm:"-"`
 
-	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created INDEX NOT NULL"`
-	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created NOT NULL"`
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated NOT NULL"`
+}
+
+// TableIndices implements xorm's TableIndices interface
+func (n *Notification) TableIndices() []*schemas.Index {
+	indices := make([]*schemas.Index, 0, 8)
+	usuuIndex := schemas.NewIndex("u_s_uu", schemas.IndexType)
+	usuuIndex.AddColumn("user_id", "status", "updated_unix")
+	indices = append(indices, usuuIndex)
+
+	// Add the individual indices that were previously defined in struct tags
+	userIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_user_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	userIDIndex.AddColumn("user_id")
+	indices = append(indices, userIDIndex)
+
+	repoIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_repo_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	repoIDIndex.AddColumn("repo_id")
+	indices = append(indices, repoIDIndex)
+
+	statusIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_status", schemas.IndexType)
+	statusIndex.AddColumn("status")
+	indices = append(indices, statusIndex)
+
+	sourceIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_source", schemas.IndexType)
+	sourceIndex.AddColumn("source")
+	indices = append(indices, sourceIndex)
+
+	issueIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_issue_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	issueIDIndex.AddColumn("issue_id")
+	indices = append(indices, issueIDIndex)
+
+	commitIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_commit_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	commitIDIndex.AddColumn("commit_id")
+	indices = append(indices, commitIDIndex)
+
+	updatedByIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_updated_by", schemas.IndexType)
+	updatedByIndex.AddColumn("updated_by")
+	indices = append(indices, updatedByIndex)
+
+	return indices
 }
 
 func init() {
diff --git a/models/migrations/migrations.go b/models/migrations/migrations.go
index 0333e7e204..e0361af86b 100644
--- a/models/migrations/migrations.go
+++ b/models/migrations/migrations.go
@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ func prepareMigrationTasks() []*migration {
 		newMigration(306, "Add BlockAdminMergeOverride to ProtectedBranch", v1_23.AddBlockAdminMergeOverrideBranchProtection),
 		newMigration(307, "Fix milestone deadline_unix when there is no due date", v1_23.FixMilestoneNoDueDate),
 		newMigration(308, "Add index(user_id, is_deleted) for action table", v1_23.AddNewIndexForUserDashboard),
+		newMigration(309, "Improve Notification table indices", v1_23.ImproveNotificationTableIndices),
 	}
 	return preparedMigrations
 }
diff --git a/models/migrations/v1_23/v309.go b/models/migrations/v1_23/v309.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b39398443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_23/v309.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package v1_23 //nolint
+
+import (
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"xorm.io/xorm"
+	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
+)
+
+type improveNotificationTableIndicesAction struct {
+	ID     int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	UserID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	RepoID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+
+	Status uint8 `xorm:"SMALLINT NOT NULL"`
+	Source uint8 `xorm:"SMALLINT NOT NULL"`
+
+	IssueID   int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+	CommitID  string
+	CommentID int64
+
+	UpdatedBy int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created NOT NULL"`
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated NOT NULL"`
+}
+
+// TableName sets the name of this table
+func (*improveNotificationTableIndicesAction) TableName() string {
+	return "notification"
+}
+
+// TableIndices implements xorm's TableIndices interface
+func (*improveNotificationTableIndicesAction) TableIndices() []*schemas.Index {
+	indices := make([]*schemas.Index, 0, 8)
+	usuuIndex := schemas.NewIndex("u_s_uu", schemas.IndexType)
+	usuuIndex.AddColumn("user_id", "status", "updated_unix")
+	indices = append(indices, usuuIndex)
+
+	// Add the individual indices that were previously defined in struct tags
+	userIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_user_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	userIDIndex.AddColumn("user_id")
+	indices = append(indices, userIDIndex)
+
+	repoIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_repo_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	repoIDIndex.AddColumn("repo_id")
+	indices = append(indices, repoIDIndex)
+
+	statusIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_status", schemas.IndexType)
+	statusIndex.AddColumn("status")
+	indices = append(indices, statusIndex)
+
+	sourceIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_source", schemas.IndexType)
+	sourceIndex.AddColumn("source")
+	indices = append(indices, sourceIndex)
+
+	issueIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_issue_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	issueIDIndex.AddColumn("issue_id")
+	indices = append(indices, issueIDIndex)
+
+	commitIDIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_commit_id", schemas.IndexType)
+	commitIDIndex.AddColumn("commit_id")
+	indices = append(indices, commitIDIndex)
+
+	updatedByIndex := schemas.NewIndex("idx_notification_updated_by", schemas.IndexType)
+	updatedByIndex.AddColumn("updated_by")
+	indices = append(indices, updatedByIndex)
+
+	return indices
+}
+
+func ImproveNotificationTableIndices(x *xorm.Engine) error {
+	return x.Sync(&improveNotificationTableIndicesAction{})
+}