When the "pending" value is zero, the "buf" will be right shifted
by the width of its type, which results in undefined behavior.
Found by Coverity (CID 1352150).
Changes to NGX_MODULE_V1 and ngx_module_t in 85dea406e18f (1.9.11)
broke all modules written in C++, because ISO C++11 does not allow
conversion from string literal to char *.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Sikora <piotrsikora@google.com>
The auto/module script is extended to understand ngx_module_link=DYNAMIC.
When set, it links the module as a shared object rather than statically
into nginx binary. The module can later be loaded using the "load_module"
directive.
New auto/module parameter ngx_module_order allows to define module loading
order in complex cases. By default the order is set based on ngx_module_type.
3rd party modules can be compiled dynamically using the --add-dynamic-module
configure option, which will preset ngx_module_link to "DYNAMIC" before
calling the module config script.
Win32 support is rudimentary, and only works when using MinGW gcc (which
is able to handle exports/imports automatically).
In collaboration with Ruslan Ermilov.
Due to greater priority of the unary plus operator over the ternary operator
the expression didn't work as expected. That might result in one byte less
allocation than needed for the HEADERS frame buffer.
The previous code only parsed the first answer, without checking its
type, and required a compressed RR name.
The new code checks the RR type, supports responses with multiple
answers, and doesn't require the RR name to be compressed.
This has a side effect in limited support of CNAME. If a response
includes both CNAME and PTR RRs, like when recursion is enabled on
the server, PTR RR is handled.
Full CNAME support in PTR response is not implemented in this change.
Previously, a global server balancer was used to assign the next DNS server to
send a query to. That could lead to a non-uniform distribution of servers per
request. A request could be assigned to the same dead server several times in a
row and wait longer for a valid server or even time out without being processed.
Now each query is sent to all servers sequentially in a circle until a
response is received or timeout expires. Initial server for each request is
still globally balanced.
When several requests were waiting for a response, then after getting
a CNAME response only the last request's context had the name updated.
Contexts of other requests had the wrong name. This name was used by
ngx_resolve_name_done() to find the node to remove the request context
from. When the name was wrong, the request could not be properly
cancelled, its context was freed but stayed linked to the node's waiting
list. This happened e.g. when the first request was aborted or timed
out before the resolving completed. When it completed, this triggered
a use-after-free memory access by calling ctx->handler of already freed
request context. The bug manifests itself by
"could not cancel <name> resolving" alerts in error_log.
When a request was responded with a CNAME, the request context kept
the pointer to the original node's rn->u.cname. If the original node
expired before the resolving timed out or completed with an error,
this would trigger a use-after-free memory access via ctx->name in
ctx->handler().
The fix is to keep ctx->name unmodified. The name from context
is no longer used by ngx_resolve_name_done(). Instead, we now keep
the pointer to resolver node to which this request is linked.
Keeping the original name intact also improves logging.
When several requests were waiting for a response, then after getting
a CNAME response only the last request was properly processed, while
others were left waiting.
If one or more requests were waiting for a response, then after
getting a CNAME response, the timeout event on the first request
remained active, pointing to the wrong node with an empty
rn->waiting list, and that could cause either null pointer
dereference or use-after-free memory access if this timeout
expired.
If several requests were waiting for a response, and the first
request terminated (e.g., due to client closing a connection),
other requests were left without a timeout and could potentially
wait indefinitely.
This is fixed by introducing per-request independent timeouts.
This change also reverts 954867a2f0a6 and 5004210e8c78.
If enabled, workers are bound to available CPUs, each worker to once CPU
in order. If there are more workers than available CPUs, remaining are
bound in a loop, starting again from the first available CPU.
The optional mask parameter defines which CPUs are available for automatic
binding.
In collaboration with Vladimir Homutov.
With main request buffered, it's possible, that a slice subrequest will send
output before it. For example, while main request is waiting for aio read to
complete, a slice subrequest can start an aio operation as well. The order
in which aio callbacks are called is undetermined.
Skip SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback in case of renegotiation.
Do nothing in SNI callback as in this case it will be supplied with
request in c->data which isn't expected and doesn't work this way.
This was broken by b40af2fd1c16 (1.9.6) with OpenSSL master branch and LibreSSL.
Splits a request into subrequests, each providing a specific range of response.
The variable "$slice_range" must be used to set subrequest range and proper
cache key. The directive "slice" sets slice size.
The following example splits requests into 1-megabyte cacheable subrequests.
server {
listen 8000;
location / {
slice 1m;
proxy_cache cache;
proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args$slice_range;
proxy_set_header Range $slice_range;
proxy_cache_valid 200 206 1h;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000;
}
}
If an upstream with variables evaluated to address without a port,
then instead of a "no port in upstream" error an attempt was made
to connect() which failed with EADDRNOTAVAIL.
This fixes suboptimal behavior caused by surplus lseek() for sequential writes
on systems without pwrite(). A consecutive read after write might result in an
error on systems without pread() and pwrite().
Fortunately, at the moment there are no widely used systems without these
syscalls.
The HEADERS frame is always represented by more than one buffer since
b930e598a199, but the handling code hasn't been adjusted.
Only the first buffer of HEADERS frame was checked and if it had been
sent while others had not, the rest of the frame was dropped, resulting
in broken connection.
Before b930e598a199, the problem could only be seen in case of HEADERS
frame with CONTINUATION.
The r->invalid_header flag wasn't reset once an invalid header appeared in a
request, resulting in all subsequent headers in the request were also marked
as invalid.
The directive toggles conversion of HEAD to GET for cacheable proxy requests.
When disabled, $request_method must be added to cache key for consistency.
By default, HEAD is converted to GET as before.
OpenSSL doesn't check if the negotiated protocol has been announced.
As a result, the client might force using HTTP/2 even if it wasn't
enabled in configuration.
It caused inconsistency between setting "in_closed" flag and the moment when
the last DATA frame was actually read. As a result, the body buffer might not
be initialized properly in ngx_http_v2_init_request_body(), which led to a
segmentation fault in ngx_http_v2_state_read_data(). Also it might cause
start processing of incomplete body.
This issue could be triggered when the processing of a request was delayed,
e.g. in the limit_req or auth_request modules.
The code failed to ensure that "s" is within the buffer passed for
parsing when checking for "ms", and this resulted in unexpected errors when
parsing non-null-terminated strings with trailing "m". The bug manifested
itself when the expires directive was used with variables.
Found by Roman Arutyunyan.
Now it limits only the maximum length of literal string (either raw or
compressed) in HPACK request header fields. It's easier to understand
and to describe in the documentation.
Previous code has been based on assumption that the header block can only be
splitted at the borders of individual headers. That wasn't the case and might
result in emitting frames bigger than the frame size limit.
The current approach is to split header blocks by the frame size limit.
Previously, nginx worker would crash because of a double free
if client disconnected or timed out before sending all headers.
Found with afl-fuzz.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Sikora <piotrsikora@google.com>
Previously, streams that were indirectly reprioritized (either because of
a new exclusive dependency on their parent or because of removal of their
parent from the dependency tree), didn't have their pointer to the parent
node updated.
This broke detection of circular dependencies and, as a result, nginx
worker would crash due to stack overflow whenever such dependency was
introduced.
Found with afl-fuzz.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Sikora <piotrsikora@google.com>
Per RFC7540, a stream cannot depend on itself.
Previously, this requirement was enforced on PRIORITY frames, but not on
HEADERS frames and due to the implementation details nginx worker would
crash (stack overflow) while opening self-dependent stream.
Found with afl-fuzz.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Sikora <piotrsikora@google.com>
As setitimer() isn't available on Windows, time wasn't updated at all
if timer_resolution was used with the select event method. Fix is
to ignore timer_resolution in such cases.
This context is needed for shared sessions cache to work in configurations
with multiple virtual servers sharing the same port. Unfortunately, OpenSSL
does not provide an API to access the session context, thus storing it
separately.
In collaboration with Vladimir Homutov.
If no space left in buffer after adding formatting symbols, error message
could be left without terminating null. The fix is to output message using
actual length.
The code for displaying version info and configuration info seemed to be
cluttering up the main function. I was finding it hard to read main. This
extracts out all of the logic for displaying version and configuration info
into its own function, thus making main easier to read.
RAND_pseudo_bytes() is deprecated in the OpenSSL master branch, so the only
use was changed to RAND_bytes(). Access to internal structures is no longer
possible, so now we don't try to set SSL3_FLAGS_NO_RENEGOTIATE_CIPHERS even
if it's defined.
Since an output buffer can only be used for either reading or sending, small
amounts of data left from the previous operation (due to some limits) must be
sent before nginx will be able to read further into the buffer. Using only
one output buffer can result in suboptimal behavior that manifests itself in
forming and sending too small chunks of data. This is particularly painful
with SPDY (or HTTP/2) where each such chunk needs to be prefixed with some
header.
The default flow-control window in HTTP/2 is 64k minus one bytes. With one
32k output buffer this results is one byte left after exhausting the window.
With two 32k buffers the data will be read into the second free buffer before
sending, thus the minimum output is increased to 32k + 1 bytes which is much
better.
A configuration like
server { server_name .foo^@; }
server { server_name .foo; }
resulted in a segmentation fault during construction of server names hash.
Reported by Markus Linnala.
Found with afl-fuzz.
A configuration with a named location inside a zero-length prefix
or regex location used to trigger a segmentation fault, as
ngx_http_core_location() failed to properly detect if a nested location
was created. Example configuration to reproduce the problem:
location "" {
location @foo {}
}
Fix is to not rely on a parent location name length, but rather check
command type we are currently parsing.
Identical fix is also applied to ngx_http_rewrite_if(), which used to
incorrectly assume the "if" directive is on server{} level in such
locations.
Reported by Markus Linnala.
Found with afl-fuzz.
This prevents a potential attack that discloses cached data if an attacker
will be able to craft a hash collision between some cache key the attacker
is allowed to access and another cache key with protected data.
See http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2015-September/007288.html.
Thanks to Gena Makhomed and Sergey Brester.
The value of NGX_ERROR, returned from filter handlers, was treated as a generic
upstream error and changed to NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR before calling
ngx_http_finalize_request(). This resulted in "header already sent" alert
if header was already sent in filter handlers.
The problem appeared in 54e9b83d00f0 (1.7.5).
This overflow has become possible after the change in 06e850859a26,
since concurrent subrequests are not limited now and each of them is
counted in r->main->count.
Resolved warnings about declarations that hide previous local declarations.
Warnings about WSASocketA() being deprecated resolved by explicit use of
WSASocketW() instead of WSASocket(). When compiling without IPv6 support,
WinSock deprecated warnings are disabled to allow use of gethostbyname().
The following configuration with alias, nested location and try_files
resulted in wrong file being used. Request "/foo/test.gif" tried to
use "/tmp//foo/test.gif" instead of "/tmp/test.gif":
location /foo/ {
alias /tmp/;
location ~ gif {
try_files $uri =405;
}
}
Additionally, rev. c985d90a8d1f introduced a regression if
the "/tmp//foo/test.gif" file was found (ticket #768). Resulting URI
was set to "gif?/foo/test.gif", as the code used clcf->name of current
location ("location ~ gif") instead of parent one ("location /foo/").
Fix is to use r->uri instead of clcf->name in all cases in the
ngx_http_core_try_files_phase() function. It is expected to be
already matched and identical to the clcf->name of the right
location.
If alias was used in a location given by a regular expression,
nginx used to do wrong thing in try_files if a location name (i.e.,
regular expression) was an exact prefix of URI. The following
configuration triggered a segmentation fault on a request to "/mail":
location ~ /mail {
alias /path/to/directory;
try_files $uri =404;
}
Reported by Per Hansson.
Iterating through all connections takes a lot of CPU time, especially
with large number of worker connections configured. As a result
nginx processes used to consume CPU time during graceful shutdown.
To mitigate this we now only do a full scan for idle connections when
shutdown signal is received.
Transitions of connections to idle ones are now expected to be
avoided if the ngx_exiting flag is set. The upstream keepalive module
was modified to follow this.
If nginx was used under OpenVZ and a container with nginx was suspended
and resumed, configuration tests started to fail because of EADDRINUSE
returned from listen() instead of bind():
# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: [emerg] listen() to 0.0.0.0:80, backlog 511 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
With this change EADDRINUSE errors returned by listen() are handled
similarly to errors returned by bind(), and configuration tests work
fine in the same environment:
# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
More details about OpenVZ suspend/resume bug:
https://bugzilla.openvz.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2470
OCSP responses may contain no nextUpdate. As per RFC 6960, this means
that nextUpdate checks should be bypassed. Handle this gracefully by
using NGX_MAX_TIME_T_VALUE as "valid" in such a case.
The problem was introduced by 6893a1007a7c (1.9.2).
Reported by Matthew Baldwin.
Broken by 6893a1007a7c (1.9.2) during introduction of strict OCSP response
validity checks. As stapling file is expected to be returned unconditionally,
fix is to set its validity to the maximum supported time.
Reported by Faidon Liambotis.
Once upstream is connected, the upstream buffer is allocated. Previously, the
proxy module used the buffer allocation status to check if upstream is
connected. Now it's enough to check the flag.
If the -T option is passed, additionally to configuration test, configuration
files are output to stdout.
In the debug mode, configuration files are kept in memory and can be accessed
using a debugger.
The function is now called ngx_parse_http_time(), and can be used by
any code to parse HTTP-style date and time. In particular, it will be
used for OCSP stapling.
For compatibility, a macro to map ngx_http_parse_time() to the new name
provided for a while.
With this change it's no longer needed to pass -D_GNU_SOURCE manually,
and -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 is set to use 64-bit off_t.
Note that nginx currently fails to work properly with master process
enabled on GNU Hurd, as fcntl(F_SETOWN) returns EOPNOTSUPP for sockets
as of GNU Hurd 0.6. Additionally, our strerror() preloading doesn't
work well with GNU Hurd, as it uses large numbers for most errors.
When configured, an individual listen socket on a given address is
created for each worker process. This allows to reduce in-kernel lock
contention on configurations with high accept rates, resulting in better
performance. As of now it works on Linux and DragonFly BSD.
Note that on Linux incoming connection requests are currently tied up
to a specific listen socket, and if some sockets are closed, connection
requests will be reset, see https://lwn.net/Articles/542629/. With
nginx, this may happen if the number of worker processes is reduced.
There is no such problem on DragonFly BSD.
Based on previous work by Sepherosa Ziehau and Yingqi Lu.
There is no need to set "i" to 0, as it's expected to be 0 assuming
the bindings are properly sorted, and we already rely on this when
explicitly set hport->naddrs to 1. Remaining conditional code is
replaced with identical "hport->naddrs = i + 1".
Identical modifications are done in the mail and stream modules,
in the ngx_mail_optimize_servers() and ngx_stream_optimize_servers()
functions, respectively.
No functional changes.
This may happen if eventfd() returns ENOSYS, notably seen on CentOS 5.4.
Such a failure will now just disable the notification mechanism and let
the callers cope with it, instead of failing to start worker processes.
If thread pools are not configured, this can safely be ignored.
Two mechanisms are implemented to make it possible to store pointers
in shared memory on Windows, in particular on Windows Vista and later
versions with ASLR:
- The ngx_shm_remap() function added to allow remapping of a shared memory
zone to the address originally used for it in the master process. While
important, it doesn't solve the problem by itself as in many cases it's
not possible to use the address because of conflicts with other
allocations.
- We now create mappings at the same address in all processes by starting
mappings at predefined addresses normally unused by newborn processes.
These two mechanisms combined allow to use shared memory on Windows
almost without problems, including reloads.
Based on the patch by Sergey Brester:
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2015-April/006836.html
It's now enough to specify proxy_protocol option in one listen directive to
enable it in all servers listening on the same address/port. Previously,
the setting from the first directive was always used.
When client or upstream connection is closed, level-triggered read event
remained active until the end of the session leading to cpu hog. Now the flag
NGX_CLOSE_EVENT is used to unschedule the event.
If a peer was initially skipped due to max_fails, there's no reason
not to try it again if enough time has passed, and the next_upstream
logic is in action.
This also reduces diffs with NGINX Plus.
Similar to ngx_http_file_cache_set_slot(), the last component of file->name
with a fixed length of 10 bytes, as generated in ngx_create_temp_path(), is
used as a source for the names of intermediate subdirectories with each one
taking its own part. Ensure that the sum of specified levels with slashes
fits into the length (ticket #731).
Missing call to X509_STORE_CTX_free when X509_STORE_CTX_init fails.
Missing call to OCSP_CERTID_free when OCSP_request_add0_id fails.
Possible leaks in vary particular scenariis of memory shortage.
This helps to avoid suboptimal behavior when a client waits for a control
frame or more data to increase window size, but the frames have been delayed
in the socket buffer.
The delays can be caused by bad interaction between Nagle's algorithm on
nginx side and delayed ACK on the client side or by TCP_CORK/TCP_NOPUSH
if SPDY was working without SSL and sendfile() was used.
The pushing code is now very similar to ngx_http_set_keepalive().
If any preread body bytes were sent in the first chain, chunk size was
incorrectly added before the whole chain, including header, resulting in
an invalid request sent to upstream. Fixed to properly add chunk size
after the header.
The r->request_body_no_buffering flag was introduced. It instructs
client request body reading code to avoid reading the whole body, and
to call post_handler early instead. The caller should use the
ngx_http_read_unbuffered_request_body() function to read remaining
parts of the body.
Upstream module is now able to use this mode, if configured with
the proxy_request_buffering directive.
If the last header evaluation resulted in an empty header, the e.skip flag
was set and was not reset when we've switched to evaluation of body_values.
This incorrectly resulted in body values being skipped instead of producing
some correct body as set by proxy_set_body. Fix is to properly reset
the e.skip flag.
As the problem only appeared if the last potentially non-empty header
happened to be empty, it only manifested itself if proxy_set_body was used
with proxy_cache.
The SSL_MODE_NO_AUTO_CHAIN mode prevents OpenSSL from automatically
building a certificate chain on the fly if there is no certificate chain
explicitly provided. Before this change, certificates provided via the
ssl_client_certificate and ssl_trusted_certificate directives were
used by OpenSSL to automatically build certificate chains, resulting
in unexpected (and in some cases unneeded) chains being sent to clients.
LibreSSL removed support for export ciphers and a call to
SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback() results in an error left in the error
queue. This caused alerts "ignoring stale global SSL error (...called
a function you should not call) while SSL handshaking" on a first connection
in each worker process.
LibreSSL 2.1.1+ started to set SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 option by default on
new contexts. This makes sure to clear it to make it possible to use SSLv3
with LibreSSL if enabled in nginx config.
Prodded by Kuramoto Eiji.
Example of usage:
error_log memory:16m debug;
This allows to configure debug logging with minimum impact on performance.
It's especially useful when rare crashes are experienced under high load.
The log can be extracted from a coredump using the following gdb script:
set $log = ngx_cycle->log
while $log->writer != ngx_log_memory_writer
set $log = $log->next
end
set $buf = (ngx_log_memory_buf_t *) $log->wdata
dump binary memory debug_log.txt $buf->start $buf->end
Keeping the ready flag in this case might results in missing notification of
broken connection until nginx tried to use it again.
While there, stale comment about stale event was removed since this function
is also can be called directly.
The code that calls sendfile() was cut into a separate function.
This simplifies EINTR processing, yet is needed for the following
changes that add threads support.
In case of filter finalization, r->upstream might be changed during
the ngx_event_pipe() call. Added an argument to preserve it while
calling the ngx_http_upstream_process_request() function.
A request may be already finalized when ngx_http_upstream_finalize_request()
is called, due to filter finalization: after filter finalization upstream
can be finalized via ngx_http_upstream_cleanup(), either from
ngx_http_terminate_request(), or because a new request was initiated
to an upstream. Then the upstream code will see an error returned from
the filter chain and will call the ngx_http_upstream_finalize_request()
function again.
To prevent corruption of various upstream data in this situation, make sure
to do nothing but merely call ngx_http_finalize_request().
Prodded by Yichun Zhang, for details see the thread at
http://nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2015-February/006539.html.
Previously, connection hung after calling ngx_http_ssl_handshake() with
rev->ready set and no bytes in socket to read. It's possible in at least the
following cases:
- when processing a connection with expired TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT on Linux
- after parsing PROXY protocol header if it arrived in a separate TCP packet
Thanks to James Hamlin.
When replacing a stale cache entry, its last_modified and etag could be
inherited from the old entry if the response code is not 200 or 206. Moreover,
etag could be inherited with any response code if it's missing in the new
response. As a result, the cache entry is left with invalid last_modified or
etag which could lead to broken revalidation.
For example, when a file is deleted from backend, its last_modified is copied to
the new 404 cache entry and is used later for revalidation. Once the old file
appears again with its original timestamp, revalidation succeeds and the cached
404 response is sent to client instead of the file.
The problem appeared with etags in 44b9ab7752e3 (1.7.3) and affected
last_modified in 1573fc7875fa (1.7.9).
Repeatedly calling ngx_http_upstream_add_chash_point() to create
the points array in sorted order, is O(n^2) to the total weight.
This can cause nginx startup and reconfigure to be substantially
delayed. For example, when total weight is 1000, startup takes
5s on a modern laptop.
Replace this with a linear insertion followed by QuickSort and
duplicates removal. Startup for total weight of 1000 reduces to 40ms.
Based on a patch by Wai Keen Woon.
Previously, the Auth-SSL-Verify header with the "NONE" value was always passed
to the auth_http script if verification of client certificates is disabled.
