Supporting protobuf v22 and later(with abseil-cpp/C++17) #24372
fix https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24369
related https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23791
1. This patch supports external protobuf v22 and later, it required abseil-cpp and c++17.
Even if the built-in protobuf is upgraded to v22 or later,
the dependency on abseil-cpp and the requirement for C++17 will continue.
2. Some test for caffe required patched protobuf, so this patch disable them.
This patch is tested by following libraries.
- Protobuf: /usr/local/lib/libprotobuf.so (4.24.4)
- abseil-cpp: YES (20230125)
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
* Do not build protobuf if dnn is disabled
* Added BUILD_LIST cmake option to the cache
* Moved protobuf to the top level
* Fixed static build
* Fixed world build
* fixup! Fixed world build
