finiteMask() and doubles for patchNaNs() #23098
Related to #22826
Connected PR in extra: [#1037@extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1037)
### TODOs:
- [ ] Vectorize `finiteMask()` for 64FC3 and 64FC4
### Changes
This PR:
* adds a new function `finiteMask()`
* extends `patchNaNs()` by CV_64F support
* moves `patchNaNs()` and `finiteMask()` to a separate file
**NOTE:** now the function is called `finiteMask()` as discussed with the OpenCV core team
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
* add broadcast_to with tests
* change name
* fix test
* fix implicit type conversion
* replace type of shape with InputArray
* add perf test
* add perf tests which takes care of axis
* v2 from ficus expand
* rename to broadcast
* use randu in place of declare
* doc improvement; smaller scale in perf
* capture get_index by reference
- removed tr1 usage (dropped in C++17)
- moved includes of vector/map/iostream/limits into ts.hpp
- require opencv_test + anonymous namespace (added compile check)
- fixed norm() usage (must be from cvtest::norm for checks) and other conflict functions
- added missing license headers
* remove raw SSE2/NEON implementation from convert.cpp
* remove raw implementation from Cvt_SIMD
* remove raw implementation from cvtScale_SIMD
* remove raw implementation from cvtScaleAbs_SIMD
* remove duplicated implementation cvt_<float, short>
* remove duplicated implementation cvtScale_<short, short, float>
* add "from double" version of Cvt_SIMD
* modify the condition of test ConvertScaleAbs
* Update convert.cpp
fixed crash in cvtScaleAbs(8s=>8u)
* fixed compile error on Win32
* fixed several test failures because of accuracy loss in cvtScale(int=>int)
* fixed NEON implementation of v_cvt_f64(int=>double) intrinsic
* another attempt to fix test failures
* keep trying to fix the test failures and just introduced compile warnings
* fixed one remaining test (subtractScalar)
