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532 lines
16 KiB
C++
532 lines
16 KiB
C++
#include "opencv2/core/core_c.h"
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#include "opencv2/ml/ml.hpp"
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#include <cstdio>
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/*
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The sample demonstrates how to train Random Trees classifier
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(or Boosting classifier, or MLP - see main()) using the provided dataset.
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We use the sample database letter-recognition.data
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from UCI Repository, here is the link:
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Newman, D.J. & Hettich, S. & Blake, C.L. & Merz, C.J. (1998).
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UCI Repository of machine learning databases
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[http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html].
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Irvine, CA: University of California, Department of Information and Computer Science.
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The dataset consists of 20000 feature vectors along with the
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responses - capital latin letters A..Z.
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The first 16000 (10000 for boosting)) samples are used for training
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and the remaining 4000 (10000 for boosting) - to test the classifier.
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*/
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// This function reads data and responses from the file <filename>
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static int
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read_num_class_data( const char* filename, int var_count,
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CvMat** data, CvMat** responses )
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{
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const int M = 1024;
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FILE* f = fopen( filename, "rt" );
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CvMemStorage* storage;
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CvSeq* seq;
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char buf[M+2];
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float* el_ptr;
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CvSeqReader reader;
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int i, j;
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if( !f )
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return 0;
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el_ptr = new float[var_count+1];
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storage = cvCreateMemStorage();
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seq = cvCreateSeq( 0, sizeof(*seq), (var_count+1)*sizeof(float), storage );
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for(;;)
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{
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char* ptr;
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if( !fgets( buf, M, f ) || !strchr( buf, ',' ) )
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break;
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el_ptr[0] = buf[0];
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ptr = buf+2;
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for( i = 1; i <= var_count; i++ )
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{
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int n = 0;
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sscanf( ptr, "%f%n", el_ptr + i, &n );
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ptr += n + 1;
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}
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if( i <= var_count )
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break;
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cvSeqPush( seq, el_ptr );
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}
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fclose(f);
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*data = cvCreateMat( seq->total, var_count, CV_32F );
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*responses = cvCreateMat( seq->total, 1, CV_32F );
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cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader );
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for( i = 0; i < seq->total; i++ )
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{
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const float* sdata = (float*)reader.ptr + 1;
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float* ddata = data[0]->data.fl + var_count*i;
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float* dr = responses[0]->data.fl + i;
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for( j = 0; j < var_count; j++ )
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ddata[j] = sdata[j];
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*dr = sdata[-1];
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CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( seq->elem_size, reader );
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}
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cvReleaseMemStorage( &storage );
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delete el_ptr;
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return 1;
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}
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static
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int build_rtrees_classifier( char* data_filename,
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char* filename_to_save, char* filename_to_load )
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{
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CvMat* data = 0;
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CvMat* responses = 0;
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CvMat* var_type = 0;
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CvMat* sample_idx = 0;
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int ok = read_num_class_data( data_filename, 16, &data, &responses );
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int nsamples_all = 0, ntrain_samples = 0;
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int i = 0;
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double train_hr = 0, test_hr = 0;
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CvRTrees forest;
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CvMat* var_importance = 0;
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if( !ok )
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{
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printf( "Could not read the database %s\n", data_filename );
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return -1;
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}
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printf( "The database %s is loaded.\n", data_filename );
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nsamples_all = data->rows;
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ntrain_samples = (int)(nsamples_all*0.8);
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// Create or load Random Trees classifier
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if( filename_to_load )
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{
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// load classifier from the specified file
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forest.load( filename_to_load );
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ntrain_samples = 0;
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if( forest.get_tree_count() == 0 )
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{
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printf( "Could not read the classifier %s\n", filename_to_load );
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return -1;
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}
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printf( "The classifier %s is loaded.\n", data_filename );
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}
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else
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{
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// create classifier by using <data> and <responses>
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printf( "Training the classifier ...\n");
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// 1. create type mask
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var_type = cvCreateMat( data->cols + 1, 1, CV_8U );
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cvSet( var_type, cvScalarAll(CV_VAR_ORDERED) );
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cvSetReal1D( var_type, data->cols, CV_VAR_CATEGORICAL );
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// 2. create sample_idx
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sample_idx = cvCreateMat( 1, nsamples_all, CV_8UC1 );
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{
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CvMat mat;
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cvGetCols( sample_idx, &mat, 0, ntrain_samples );
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cvSet( &mat, cvRealScalar(1) );
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cvGetCols( sample_idx, &mat, ntrain_samples, nsamples_all );
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cvSetZero( &mat );
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}
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// 3. train classifier
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forest.train( data, CV_ROW_SAMPLE, responses, 0, sample_idx, var_type, 0,
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CvRTParams(10,10,0,false,15,0,true,4,100,0.01f,CV_TERMCRIT_ITER));
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printf( "\n");
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}
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// compute prediction error on train and test data
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for( i = 0; i < nsamples_all; i++ )
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{
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double r;
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CvMat sample;
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cvGetRow( data, &sample, i );
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r = forest.predict( &sample );
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r = fabs((double)r - responses->data.fl[i]) <= FLT_EPSILON ? 1 : 0;
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if( i < ntrain_samples )
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train_hr += r;
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else
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test_hr += r;
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}
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test_hr /= (double)(nsamples_all-ntrain_samples);
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train_hr /= (double)ntrain_samples;
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printf( "Recognition rate: train = %.1f%%, test = %.1f%%\n",
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train_hr*100., test_hr*100. );
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printf( "Number of trees: %d\n", forest.get_tree_count() );
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// Print variable importance
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var_importance = (CvMat*)forest.get_var_importance();
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if( var_importance )
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{
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double rt_imp_sum = cvSum( var_importance ).val[0];
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printf("var#\timportance (in %%):\n");
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for( i = 0; i < var_importance->cols; i++ )
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printf( "%-2d\t%-4.1f\n", i,
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100.f*var_importance->data.fl[i]/rt_imp_sum);
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}
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//Print some proximitites
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printf( "Proximities between some samples corresponding to the letter 'T':\n" );
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{
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CvMat sample1, sample2;
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const int pairs[][2] = {{0,103}, {0,106}, {106,103}, {-1,-1}};
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for( i = 0; pairs[i][0] >= 0; i++ )
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{
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cvGetRow( data, &sample1, pairs[i][0] );
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cvGetRow( data, &sample2, pairs[i][1] );
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printf( "proximity(%d,%d) = %.1f%%\n", pairs[i][0], pairs[i][1],
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forest.get_proximity( &sample1, &sample2 )*100. );
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}
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}
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// Save Random Trees classifier to file if needed
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if( filename_to_save )
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forest.save( filename_to_save );
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cvReleaseMat( &sample_idx );
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cvReleaseMat( &var_type );
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cvReleaseMat( &data );
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cvReleaseMat( &responses );
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return 0;
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}
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static
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int build_boost_classifier( char* data_filename,
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char* filename_to_save, char* filename_to_load )
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{
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const int class_count = 26;
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CvMat* data = 0;
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CvMat* responses = 0;
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CvMat* var_type = 0;
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CvMat* temp_sample = 0;
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CvMat* weak_responses = 0;
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int ok = read_num_class_data( data_filename, 16, &data, &responses );
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int nsamples_all = 0, ntrain_samples = 0;
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int var_count;
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int i, j, k;
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double train_hr = 0, test_hr = 0;
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CvBoost boost;
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if( !ok )
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{
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printf( "Could not read the database %s\n", data_filename );
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return -1;
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}
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printf( "The database %s is loaded.\n", data_filename );
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nsamples_all = data->rows;
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ntrain_samples = (int)(nsamples_all*0.5);
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var_count = data->cols;
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// Create or load Boosted Tree classifier
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if( filename_to_load )
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{
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// load classifier from the specified file
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boost.load( filename_to_load );
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ntrain_samples = 0;
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if( !boost.get_weak_predictors() )
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{
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printf( "Could not read the classifier %s\n", filename_to_load );
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return -1;
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}
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printf( "The classifier %s is loaded.\n", data_filename );
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}
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else
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{
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// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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//
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// As currently boosted tree classifier in MLL can only be trained
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// for 2-class problems, we transform the training database by
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// "unrolling" each training sample as many times as the number of
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// classes (26) that we have.
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//
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// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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CvMat* new_data = cvCreateMat( ntrain_samples*class_count, var_count + 1, CV_32F );
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CvMat* new_responses = cvCreateMat( ntrain_samples*class_count, 1, CV_32S );
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// 1. unroll the database type mask
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printf( "Unrolling the database...\n");
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for( i = 0; i < ntrain_samples; i++ )
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{
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float* data_row = (float*)(data->data.ptr + data->step*i);
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for( j = 0; j < class_count; j++ )
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{
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float* new_data_row = (float*)(new_data->data.ptr +
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new_data->step*(i*class_count+j));
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for( k = 0; k < var_count; k++ )
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new_data_row[k] = data_row[k];
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new_data_row[var_count] = (float)j;
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new_responses->data.i[i*class_count + j] = responses->data.fl[i] == j+'A';
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}
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}
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// 2. create type mask
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var_type = cvCreateMat( var_count + 2, 1, CV_8U );
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cvSet( var_type, cvScalarAll(CV_VAR_ORDERED) );
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// the last indicator variable, as well
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// as the new (binary) response are categorical
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cvSetReal1D( var_type, var_count, CV_VAR_CATEGORICAL );
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cvSetReal1D( var_type, var_count+1, CV_VAR_CATEGORICAL );
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// 3. train classifier
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printf( "Training the classifier (may take a few minutes)...\n");
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boost.train( new_data, CV_ROW_SAMPLE, new_responses, 0, 0, var_type, 0,
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CvBoostParams(CvBoost::REAL, 100, 0.95, 5, false, 0 ));
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cvReleaseMat( &new_data );
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cvReleaseMat( &new_responses );
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printf("\n");
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}
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temp_sample = cvCreateMat( 1, var_count + 1, CV_32F );
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weak_responses = cvCreateMat( 1, boost.get_weak_predictors()->total, CV_32F );
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// compute prediction error on train and test data
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for( i = 0; i < nsamples_all; i++ )
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{
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int best_class = 0;
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double max_sum = -DBL_MAX;
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double r;
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CvMat sample;
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cvGetRow( data, &sample, i );
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for( k = 0; k < var_count; k++ )
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temp_sample->data.fl[k] = sample.data.fl[k];
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for( j = 0; j < class_count; j++ )
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{
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temp_sample->data.fl[var_count] = (float)j;
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boost.predict( temp_sample, 0, weak_responses );
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double sum = cvSum( weak_responses ).val[0];
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if( max_sum < sum )
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{
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max_sum = sum;
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best_class = j + 'A';
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}
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}
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r = fabs(best_class - responses->data.fl[i]) < FLT_EPSILON ? 1 : 0;
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if( i < ntrain_samples )
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train_hr += r;
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else
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test_hr += r;
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}
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test_hr /= (double)(nsamples_all-ntrain_samples);
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train_hr /= (double)ntrain_samples;
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printf( "Recognition rate: train = %.1f%%, test = %.1f%%\n",
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train_hr*100., test_hr*100. );
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printf( "Number of trees: %d\n", boost.get_weak_predictors()->total );
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// Save classifier to file if needed
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if( filename_to_save )
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boost.save( filename_to_save );
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cvReleaseMat( &temp_sample );
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cvReleaseMat( &weak_responses );
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cvReleaseMat( &var_type );
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cvReleaseMat( &data );
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cvReleaseMat( &responses );
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return 0;
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}
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static
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int build_mlp_classifier( char* data_filename,
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char* filename_to_save, char* filename_to_load )
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{
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const int class_count = 26;
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CvMat* data = 0;
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CvMat train_data;
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CvMat* responses = 0;
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CvMat* mlp_response = 0;
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int ok = read_num_class_data( data_filename, 16, &data, &responses );
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int nsamples_all = 0, ntrain_samples = 0;
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int i, j;
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double train_hr = 0, test_hr = 0;
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CvANN_MLP mlp;
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if( !ok )
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{
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printf( "Could not read the database %s\n", data_filename );
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return -1;
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}
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printf( "The database %s is loaded.\n", data_filename );
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nsamples_all = data->rows;
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ntrain_samples = (int)(nsamples_all*0.8);
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// Create or load MLP classifier
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if( filename_to_load )
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{
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// load classifier from the specified file
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mlp.load( filename_to_load );
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ntrain_samples = 0;
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if( !mlp.get_layer_count() )
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{
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printf( "Could not read the classifier %s\n", filename_to_load );
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return -1;
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}
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printf( "The classifier %s is loaded.\n", data_filename );
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}
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else
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{
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// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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//
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// MLP does not support categorical variables by explicitly.
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// So, instead of the output class label, we will use
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// a binary vector of <class_count> components for training and,
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// therefore, MLP will give us a vector of "probabilities" at the
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// prediction stage
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//
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// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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CvMat* new_responses = cvCreateMat( ntrain_samples, class_count, CV_32F );
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// 1. unroll the responses
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printf( "Unrolling the responses...\n");
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for( i = 0; i < ntrain_samples; i++ )
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{
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int cls_label = cvRound(responses->data.fl[i]) - 'A';
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float* bit_vec = (float*)(new_responses->data.ptr + i*new_responses->step);
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for( j = 0; j < class_count; j++ )
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bit_vec[j] = 0.f;
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bit_vec[cls_label] = 1.f;
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}
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cvGetRows( data, &train_data, 0, ntrain_samples );
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// 2. train classifier
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int layer_sz[] = { data->cols, 100, 100, class_count };
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CvMat layer_sizes =
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cvMat( 1, (int)(sizeof(layer_sz)/sizeof(layer_sz[0])), CV_32S, layer_sz );
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mlp.create( &layer_sizes );
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printf( "Training the classifier (may take a few minutes)...\n");
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mlp.train( &train_data, new_responses, 0, 0,
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CvANN_MLP_TrainParams(cvTermCriteria(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER,300,0.01),
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#if 1
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CvANN_MLP_TrainParams::BACKPROP,0.001));
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#else
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CvANN_MLP_TrainParams::RPROP,0.05));
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#endif
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cvReleaseMat( &new_responses );
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printf("\n");
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}
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mlp_response = cvCreateMat( 1, class_count, CV_32F );
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// compute prediction error on train and test data
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for( i = 0; i < nsamples_all; i++ )
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{
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int best_class;
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CvMat sample;
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cvGetRow( data, &sample, i );
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CvPoint max_loc = {0,0};
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mlp.predict( &sample, mlp_response );
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cvMinMaxLoc( mlp_response, 0, 0, 0, &max_loc, 0 );
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best_class = max_loc.x + 'A';
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int r = fabs((double)best_class - responses->data.fl[i]) < FLT_EPSILON ? 1 : 0;
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if( i < ntrain_samples )
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train_hr += r;
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else
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test_hr += r;
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}
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test_hr /= (double)(nsamples_all-ntrain_samples);
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train_hr /= (double)ntrain_samples;
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printf( "Recognition rate: train = %.1f%%, test = %.1f%%\n",
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train_hr*100., test_hr*100. );
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// Save classifier to file if needed
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if( filename_to_save )
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mlp.save( filename_to_save );
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cvReleaseMat( &mlp_response );
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cvReleaseMat( &data );
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cvReleaseMat( &responses );
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return 0;
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}
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int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
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{
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char* filename_to_save = 0;
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char* filename_to_load = 0;
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char default_data_filename[] = "./letter-recognition.data";
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char* data_filename = default_data_filename;
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int method = 0;
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int i;
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for( i = 1; i < argc; i++ )
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{
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if( strcmp(argv[i],"-data") == 0 ) // flag "-data letter_recognition.xml"
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{
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i++;
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data_filename = argv[i];
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}
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else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-save") == 0 ) // flag "-save filename.xml"
|
|
{
|
|
i++;
|
|
filename_to_save = argv[i];
|
|
}
|
|
else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-load") == 0) // flag "-load filename.xml"
|
|
{
|
|
i++;
|
|
filename_to_load = argv[i];
|
|
}
|
|
else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-boost") == 0)
|
|
{
|
|
method = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
else if( strcmp(argv[i],"-mlp") == 0 )
|
|
{
|
|
method = 2;
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if( i < argc ||
|
|
(method == 0 ?
|
|
build_rtrees_classifier( data_filename, filename_to_save, filename_to_load ) :
|
|
method == 1 ?
|
|
build_boost_classifier( data_filename, filename_to_save, filename_to_load ) :
|
|
method == 2 ?
|
|
build_mlp_classifier( data_filename, filename_to_save, filename_to_load ) :
|
|
-1) < 0)
|
|
{
|
|
printf("This is letter recognition sample.\n"
|
|
"The usage: letter_recog [-data <path to letter-recognition.data>] \\\n"
|
|
" [-save <output XML file for the classifier>] \\\n"
|
|
" [-load <XML file with the pre-trained classifier>] \\\n"
|
|
" [-boost|-mlp] # to use boost/mlp classifier instead of default Random Trees\n" );
|
|
}
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|