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323 lines
11 KiB
C++
323 lines
11 KiB
C++
#include "opencv2/core/core_c.h"
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#include "opencv2/ml/ml.hpp"
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#include <stdio.h>
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static void help()
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{
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printf("\nThis program demonstrated the use of OpenCV's decision tree function for learning and predicting data\n"
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"Usage :\n"
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"./mushroom <path to agaricus-lepiota.data>\n"
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"\n"
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"The sample demonstrates how to build a decision tree for classifying mushrooms.\n"
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"It uses the sample base agaricus-lepiota.data from UCI Repository, here is the link:\n"
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"\n"
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"Newman, D.J. & Hettich, S. & Blake, C.L. & Merz, C.J. (1998).\n"
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"UCI Repository of machine learning databases\n"
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"[http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html].\n"
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"Irvine, CA: University of California, Department of Information and Computer Science.\n"
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"\n"
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"// loads the mushroom database, which is a text file, containing\n"
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"// one training sample per row, all the input variables and the output variable are categorical,\n"
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"// the values are encoded by characters.\n\n");
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}
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static int mushroom_read_database( const char* filename, CvMat** data, CvMat** missing, CvMat** responses )
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{
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const int M = 1024;
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FILE* f = fopen( filename, "rt" );
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CvMemStorage* storage;
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CvSeq* seq;
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char buf[M+2], *ptr;
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float* el_ptr;
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CvSeqReader reader;
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int i, j, var_count = 0;
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if( !f )
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return 0;
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// read the first line and determine the number of variables
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if( !fgets( buf, M, f ))
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{
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fclose(f);
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return 0;
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}
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for( ptr = buf; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++ )
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var_count += *ptr == ',';
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assert( ptr - buf == (var_count+1)*2 );
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// create temporary memory storage to store the whole database
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el_ptr = new float[var_count+1];
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storage = cvCreateMemStorage();
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seq = cvCreateSeq( 0, sizeof(*seq), (var_count+1)*sizeof(float), storage );
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for(;;)
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{
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for( i = 0; i <= var_count; i++ )
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{
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int c = buf[i*2];
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el_ptr[i] = c == '?' ? -1.f : (float)c;
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}
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if( i != var_count+1 )
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break;
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cvSeqPush( seq, el_ptr );
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if( !fgets( buf, M, f ) || !strchr( buf, ',' ) )
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break;
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}
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fclose(f);
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// allocate the output matrices and copy the base there
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*data = cvCreateMat( seq->total, var_count, CV_32F );
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*missing = cvCreateMat( seq->total, var_count, CV_8U );
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*responses = cvCreateMat( seq->total, 1, CV_32F );
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cvStartReadSeq( seq, &reader );
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for( i = 0; i < seq->total; i++ )
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{
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const float* sdata = (float*)reader.ptr + 1;
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float* ddata = data[0]->data.fl + var_count*i;
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float* dr = responses[0]->data.fl + i;
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uchar* dm = missing[0]->data.ptr + var_count*i;
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for( j = 0; j < var_count; j++ )
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{
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ddata[j] = sdata[j];
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dm[j] = sdata[j] < 0;
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}
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*dr = sdata[-1];
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CV_NEXT_SEQ_ELEM( seq->elem_size, reader );
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}
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cvReleaseMemStorage( &storage );
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delete el_ptr;
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return 1;
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}
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static CvDTree* mushroom_create_dtree( const CvMat* data, const CvMat* missing,
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const CvMat* responses, float p_weight )
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{
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CvDTree* dtree;
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CvMat* var_type;
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int i, hr1 = 0, hr2 = 0, p_total = 0;
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float priors[] = { 1, p_weight };
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var_type = cvCreateMat( data->cols + 1, 1, CV_8U );
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cvSet( var_type, cvScalarAll(CV_VAR_CATEGORICAL) ); // all the variables are categorical
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dtree = new CvDTree;
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dtree->train( data, CV_ROW_SAMPLE, responses, 0, 0, var_type, missing,
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CvDTreeParams( 8, // max depth
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10, // min sample count
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0, // regression accuracy: N/A here
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true, // compute surrogate split, as we have missing data
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15, // max number of categories (use sub-optimal algorithm for larger numbers)
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10, // the number of cross-validation folds
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true, // use 1SE rule => smaller tree
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true, // throw away the pruned tree branches
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priors // the array of priors, the bigger p_weight, the more attention
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// to the poisonous mushrooms
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// (a mushroom will be judjed to be poisonous with bigger chance)
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));
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// compute hit-rate on the training database, demonstrates predict usage.
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for( i = 0; i < data->rows; i++ )
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{
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CvMat sample, mask;
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cvGetRow( data, &sample, i );
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cvGetRow( missing, &mask, i );
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double r = dtree->predict( &sample, &mask )->value;
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int d = fabs(r - responses->data.fl[i]) >= FLT_EPSILON;
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if( d )
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{
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if( r != 'p' )
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hr1++;
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else
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hr2++;
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}
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p_total += responses->data.fl[i] == 'p';
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}
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printf( "Results on the training database:\n"
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"\tPoisonous mushrooms mis-predicted: %d (%g%%)\n"
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"\tFalse-alarms: %d (%g%%)\n", hr1, (double)hr1*100/p_total,
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hr2, (double)hr2*100/(data->rows - p_total) );
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cvReleaseMat( &var_type );
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return dtree;
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}
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static const char* var_desc[] =
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{
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"cap shape (bell=b,conical=c,convex=x,flat=f)",
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"cap surface (fibrous=f,grooves=g,scaly=y,smooth=s)",
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"cap color (brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,green=r,\n\tpink=p,purple=u,red=e,white=w,yellow=y)",
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"bruises? (bruises=t,no=f)",
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"odor (almond=a,anise=l,creosote=c,fishy=y,foul=f,\n\tmusty=m,none=n,pungent=p,spicy=s)",
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"gill attachment (attached=a,descending=d,free=f,notched=n)",
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"gill spacing (close=c,crowded=w,distant=d)",
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"gill size (broad=b,narrow=n)",
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"gill color (black=k,brown=n,buff=b,chocolate=h,gray=g,\n\tgreen=r,orange=o,pink=p,purple=u,red=e,white=w,yellow=y)",
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"stalk shape (enlarging=e,tapering=t)",
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"stalk root (bulbous=b,club=c,cup=u,equal=e,rhizomorphs=z,rooted=r)",
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"stalk surface above ring (ibrous=f,scaly=y,silky=k,smooth=s)",
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"stalk surface below ring (ibrous=f,scaly=y,silky=k,smooth=s)",
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"stalk color above ring (brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,orange=o,\n\tpink=p,red=e,white=w,yellow=y)",
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"stalk color below ring (brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,orange=o,\n\tpink=p,red=e,white=w,yellow=y)",
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"veil type (partial=p,universal=u)",
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"veil color (brown=n,orange=o,white=w,yellow=y)",
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"ring number (none=n,one=o,two=t)",
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"ring type (cobwebby=c,evanescent=e,flaring=f,large=l,\n\tnone=n,pendant=p,sheathing=s,zone=z)",
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"spore print color (black=k,brown=n,buff=b,chocolate=h,green=r,\n\torange=o,purple=u,white=w,yellow=y)",
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"population (abundant=a,clustered=c,numerous=n,\n\tscattered=s,several=v,solitary=y)",
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"habitat (grasses=g,leaves=l,meadows=m,paths=p\n\turban=u,waste=w,woods=d)",
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0
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};
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static void print_variable_importance( CvDTree* dtree )
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{
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const CvMat* var_importance = dtree->get_var_importance();
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int i;
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char input[1000];
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if( !var_importance )
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{
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printf( "Error: Variable importance can not be retrieved\n" );
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return;
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}
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printf( "Print variable importance information? (y/n) " );
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int values_read = scanf( "%1s", input );
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CV_Assert(values_read == 1);
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if( input[0] != 'y' && input[0] != 'Y' )
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return;
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for( i = 0; i < var_importance->cols*var_importance->rows; i++ )
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{
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double val = var_importance->data.db[i];
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char buf[100];
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int len = (int)(strchr( var_desc[i], '(' ) - var_desc[i] - 1);
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strncpy( buf, var_desc[i], len );
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buf[len] = '\0';
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printf( "%s", buf );
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printf( ": %g%%\n", val*100. );
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}
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}
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static void interactive_classification( CvDTree* dtree )
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{
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char input[1000];
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const CvDTreeNode* root;
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CvDTreeTrainData* data;
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if( !dtree )
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return;
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root = dtree->get_root();
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data = dtree->get_data();
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for(;;)
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{
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const CvDTreeNode* node;
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printf( "Start/Proceed with interactive mushroom classification (y/n): " );
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int values_read = scanf( "%1s", input );
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CV_Assert(values_read == 1);
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if( input[0] != 'y' && input[0] != 'Y' )
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break;
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printf( "Enter 1-letter answers, '?' for missing/unknown value...\n" );
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// custom version of predict
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node = root;
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for(;;)
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{
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CvDTreeSplit* split = node->split;
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int dir = 0;
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if( !node->left || node->Tn <= dtree->get_pruned_tree_idx() || !node->split )
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break;
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for( ; split != 0; )
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{
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int vi = split->var_idx, j;
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int count = data->cat_count->data.i[vi];
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const int* map = data->cat_map->data.i + data->cat_ofs->data.i[vi];
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printf( "%s: ", var_desc[vi] );
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values_read = scanf( "%1s", input );
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CV_Assert(values_read == 1);
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if( input[0] == '?' )
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{
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split = split->next;
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continue;
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}
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// convert the input character to the normalized value of the variable
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for( j = 0; j < count; j++ )
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if( map[j] == input[0] )
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break;
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if( j < count )
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{
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dir = (split->subset[j>>5] & (1 << (j&31))) ? -1 : 1;
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if( split->inversed )
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dir = -dir;
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break;
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}
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else
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printf( "Error: unrecognized value\n" );
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}
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if( !dir )
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{
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printf( "Impossible to classify the sample\n");
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node = 0;
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break;
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}
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node = dir < 0 ? node->left : node->right;
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}
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if( node )
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printf( "Prediction result: the mushroom is %s\n",
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node->class_idx == 0 ? "EDIBLE" : "POISONOUS" );
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printf( "\n-----------------------------\n" );
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}
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}
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int main( int argc, char** argv )
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{
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CvMat *data = 0, *missing = 0, *responses = 0;
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CvDTree* dtree;
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const char* base_path = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : "agaricus-lepiota.data";
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help();
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if( !mushroom_read_database( base_path, &data, &missing, &responses ) )
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{
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printf( "\nUnable to load the training database\n\n");
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help();
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return -1;
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}
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dtree = mushroom_create_dtree( data, missing, responses,
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10 // poisonous mushrooms will have 10x higher weight in the decision tree
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);
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cvReleaseMat( &data );
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cvReleaseMat( &missing );
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cvReleaseMat( &responses );
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print_variable_importance( dtree );
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interactive_classification( dtree );
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delete dtree;
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return 0;
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}
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