diff --git a/libs/scrap/src/common/codec.rs b/libs/scrap/src/common/codec.rs
index 0e4b65da6..648de19b0 100644
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/codec.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/codec.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::{
     collections::HashMap,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
     sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+    time::Instant,
 };
 
 #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ use hbb_common::{
         SupportedDecoding, SupportedEncoding, VideoFrame,
     },
     sysinfo::System,
-    tokio::time::Instant,
     ResultType,
 };
 
@@ -990,7 +990,9 @@ fn disable_av1() -> bool {
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "ios"))]
 pub fn test_av1() {
     use hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_AV1_TEST;
-    use std::sync::Once;
+    use hbb_common::rand::Rng;
+    use std::{sync::Once, time::Duration};
+
     if disable_av1() || !Config::get_option(OPTION_AV1_TEST).is_empty() {
         log::info!("skip test av1");
         return;
@@ -1001,6 +1003,56 @@ pub fn test_av1() {
         let f = || {
             let (width, height, quality, keyframe_interval, i444) =
                 (1920, 1080, Quality::Balanced, None, false);
+            let frame_count = 10;
+            let block_size = 300;
+            let move_step = 50;
+            let generate_fake_data =
+                |frame_index: u32, dst_fmt: EncodeYuvFormat| -> ResultType<Vec<u8>> {
+                    let mut rng = hbb_common::rand::thread_rng();
+                    let mut bgra = vec![0u8; (width * height * 4) as usize];
+                    let gradient = frame_index as f32 / frame_count as f32;
+                    // floating block
+                    let x0 = (frame_index * move_step) % (width - block_size);
+                    let y0 = (frame_index * move_step) % (height - block_size);
+                    // Fill the block with random colors
+                    for y in 0..block_size {
+                        for x in 0..block_size {
+                            let index = (((y0 + y) * width + x0 + x) * 4) as usize;
+                            if index + 3 < bgra.len() {
+                                let noise = rng.gen_range(0..255) as f32 / 255.0;
+                                let value = (255.0 * gradient + noise * 50.0) as u8;
+                                bgra[index] = value;
+                                bgra[index + 1] = value;
+                                bgra[index + 2] = value;
+                                bgra[index + 3] = 255;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let dst_stride_y = dst_fmt.stride[0];
+                    let dst_stride_uv = dst_fmt.stride[1];
+                    let mut dst = vec![0u8; (dst_fmt.h * dst_stride_y * 2) as usize];
+                    let dst_y = dst.as_mut_ptr();
+                    let dst_u = dst[dst_fmt.u..].as_mut_ptr();
+                    let dst_v = dst[dst_fmt.v..].as_mut_ptr();
+                    let res = unsafe {
+                        crate::ARGBToI420(
+                            bgra.as_ptr(),
+                            (width * 4) as _,
+                            dst_y,
+                            dst_stride_y as _,
+                            dst_u,
+                            dst_stride_uv as _,
+                            dst_v,
+                            dst_stride_uv as _,
+                            width as _,
+                            height as _,
+                        )
+                    };
+                    if res != 0 {
+                        bail!("ARGBToI420 failed: {}", res);
+                    }
+                    Ok(dst)
+                };
             let Ok(mut av1) = AomEncoder::new(
                 EncoderCfg::AOM(AomEncoderConfig {
                     width,
@@ -1012,52 +1064,39 @@ pub fn test_av1() {
             ) else {
                 return false;
             };
-            let Ok(mut vp9) = VpxEncoder::new(
-                EncoderCfg::VPX(VpxEncoderConfig {
-                    codec: VpxVideoCodecId::VP9,
-                    width,
-                    height,
-                    quality,
-                    keyframe_interval,
-                }),
-                i444,
-            ) else {
-                return true;
-            };
-            let frame_count = 10;
-            let mut yuv = vec![0u8; (width * height * 3 / 2) as usize];
-            let start = Instant::now();
+            let mut key_frame_time = Duration::ZERO;
+            let mut non_key_frame_time_sum = Duration::ZERO;
+            let pts = Instant::now();
+            let yuvfmt = av1.yuvfmt();
             for i in 0..frame_count {
-                for w in 0..width {
-                    yuv[w as usize] = i as u8;
-                }
-                if av1.encode(0, &yuv, super::STRIDE_ALIGN).is_err() {
+                let Ok(yuv) = generate_fake_data(i, yuvfmt.clone()) else {
+                    return false;
+                };
+                let start = Instant::now();
+                if av1
+                    .encode(pts.elapsed().as_millis() as _, &yuv, super::STRIDE_ALIGN)
+                    .is_err()
+                {
                     log::debug!("av1 encode failed");
                     if i == 0 {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
-            }
-            let av1_time = start.elapsed();
-            log::info!("av1 time: {:?}", av1_time);
-            if av1_time < std::time::Duration::from_millis(250) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            let start = Instant::now();
-            for i in 0..frame_count {
-                for w in 0..width {
-                    yuv[w as usize] = i as u8;
-                }
-                if vp9.encode(0, &yuv, super::STRIDE_ALIGN).is_err() {
-                    log::debug!("vp9 encode failed");
-                    if i == 0 {
-                        return true;
-                    }
+                if i == 0 {
+                    key_frame_time = start.elapsed();
+                } else {
+                    non_key_frame_time_sum += start.elapsed();
                 }
             }
-            let vp9_time = start.elapsed();
-            log::info!("vp9 time: {:?}", vp9_time);
-            av1_time * 2 / 3 < vp9_time
+            let non_key_frame_time = non_key_frame_time_sum / (frame_count - 1);
+            log::info!(
+                "av1 time: key: {:?}, non-key: {:?}, consume: {:?}",
+                key_frame_time,
+                non_key_frame_time,
+                pts.elapsed()
+            );
+            key_frame_time < Duration::from_millis(90)
+                && non_key_frame_time < Duration::from_millis(30)
         };
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
             let v = f();