diff --git a/.changeset/cuddly-pants-destroy.md b/.changeset/cuddly-pants-destroy.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3602beb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/cuddly-pants-destroy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@tiptap/core": patch
+---
+
+Fix change criteria for isNodeEmpty to resolve #5415
diff --git a/packages/core/src/helpers/isNodeEmpty.ts b/packages/core/src/helpers/isNodeEmpty.ts
index 5d7a777d4..90d94f6ee 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/helpers/isNodeEmpty.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/helpers/isNodeEmpty.ts
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ export function isNodeEmpty(
     return !node.text
   }
 
-  if (node.content.childCount === 0) {
-    return true
+  if (node.isAtom || node.isLeaf) {
+    return false
   }
 
-  if (node.isLeaf) {
-    return false
+  if (node.content.childCount === 0) {
+    return true
   }
 
   if (checkChildren) {
diff --git a/tests/cypress/integration/core/isNodeEmpty.spec.ts b/tests/cypress/integration/core/isNodeEmpty.spec.ts
index 7db88996d..7e1a8e6c8 100644
--- a/tests/cypress/integration/core/isNodeEmpty.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/cypress/integration/core/isNodeEmpty.spec.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 import { getSchema, isNodeEmpty } from '@tiptap/core'
 import Document from '@tiptap/extension-document'
 import Image from '@tiptap/extension-image'
+import Mention from '@tiptap/extension-mention'
 import StarterKit from '@tiptap/starter-kit'
 
-const schema = getSchema([StarterKit])
+const schema = getSchema([StarterKit, Mention])
 const modifiedSchema = getSchema([StarterKit.configure({ document: false }), Document.extend({ content: 'heading block*' })])
 const imageSchema = getSchema([StarterKit.configure({ document: false }), Document.extend({ content: 'image block*' }), Image])
 
@@ -26,6 +27,30 @@ describe('isNodeEmpty', () => {
       expect(isNodeEmpty(node)).to.eq(false)
     })
 
+    it('should return false when a paragraph has hardbreaks', () => {
+      const node = schema.nodeFromJSON({
+        type: 'paragraph',
+        content: [{ type: 'hardBreak' }],
+      })
+
+      expect(isNodeEmpty(node)).to.eq(false)
+    })
+
+    it('should return false when a paragraph has a mention', () => {
+      const node = schema.nodeFromJSON({
+        type: 'paragraph',
+        content: [{
+          type: 'mention',
+          attrs: {
+            id: 'Winona Ryder',
+            label: null,
+          },
+        }],
+      })
+
+      expect(isNodeEmpty(node)).to.eq(false)
+    })
+
     it('should return true when a paragraph has no content', () => {
       const node = schema.nodeFromJSON({
         type: 'paragraph',
@@ -177,7 +202,7 @@ describe('isNodeEmpty', () => {
         ],
       })
 
-      expect(isNodeEmpty(node)).to.eq(true)
+      expect(isNodeEmpty(node)).to.eq(false)
     })
   })
 })