# Vcpkg and Android

**The latest version of this documentation is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/docs/users/android.md).**

Android is not officialy supported, and there are no official android triplets at the moment.

However, some packages can compile to Android, and the situation is improving: see the list of [PR related to Android](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/pulls?q=+android+).


## Android build requirements

1. Download the [android ndk](https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads/)

2. Set environment variable `ANDROID_NDK_HOME` to your android ndk installation. 
   For example:

````bash
export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=/home/your-account/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle
````

Or:
````bash
export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=/home/your-account/Android/android-ndk-r21b
````

3. Install [vcpkg](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg)

4. Set environment variable `VCPKG_ROOT` to your vcpkg installation.
````bash
export VCPKG_ROOT=/path/to/vcpkg
````

## Create the android triplets


### Android ABI and corresponding vcpkg triplets

There are four different Android ABI, each of which maps to 
a vcpkg triplet. The following table outlines the mapping from vcpkg architectures to android architectures

|VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET       | ANDROID_ABI          |
|---------------------------|----------------------|
|arm64-android              | arm64-v8a            |
|arm-android                | armeabi-v7a          |
|x64-android                | x86_64               |
|x86-android                | x86                  |

### Create the android triplets
You can copy-paste the script below to populate them, and adjust them to your needs if required.

````bash
cd $VCPKG_ROOT

echo "
set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE arm)
set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
" > triplets/community/arm-android.cmake

echo "
set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE arm64)
set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
" > triplets/community/arm64-android.cmake
 
echo "
set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE x86)
set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
" > triplets/community/x86-android.cmake

echo "
set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE x64)
set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
" > triplets/community/x64-android.cmake
````

## Install libraries for Android using vcpkg

Example for jsoncpp:

````bash
cd $VCPKG_ROOT

# specify the triplet like this
./vcpkg install jsoncpp --triplet arm-android   
# or like this
./vcpkg install jsoncpp:arm64-android           
./vcpkg install jsoncpp:x86-android
./vcpkg install jsoncpp:x64-android
````

### Using Vulkan SDK

Vcpkg has a [`vulkan` package](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/blob/master/ports/vulkan/portfile.cmake) which allows you to `find_package(Vulkan)`. To use it you have to provide `VULKAN_SDK` environment variable.

```bash
export VULKAN_SDK=/usr/local
./vcpkg install vulkan
```

NDK already contains [Vulkan](https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/graphics/getting-started) headers and `libvulkan.so` binaries for each of its architecture.  
To expose them to VcPkg, you can consider `export VULKAN_SDK=...` for each installation.  
But by placing `set(ENV{VULKAN_SDK} ...)` in the triplet files, you can skip the tedious work.

If you are using NDK 21.3.6528147 or earlier version, it will be like the following.

```cmake
# In android triplets... (e.g. arm64-android.cmake)
set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
# ...
# If your API level is 30, libvulkan.so is at $ENV{ANDROID_NDK_HOME}/platforms/android-30/arch-arm64/usr/lib
set(ENV{VULKAN_SDK} $ENV{ANDROID_NDK_HOME}/sysroot/usr)
```

Notice that **the location of the sysroot has changed since NDK 22**. (see https://github.com/android/ndk/issues/1407)  
If you prefer using [the latest version](https://developer.android.com/studio/projects/install-ndk#default-ndk-per-agp), check the [BuildSystemMaintainers.md of the NDK document](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/master/docs/BuildSystemMaintainers.md#sysroot) and then put appropriate path for your system.

For example, Mac OS users will use the path like this.

```cmake
# In android triplets... (e.g. arm64-android.cmake)
set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Android)
# ...
# If your API level is 30, libvulkan.so is at $ENV{ANDROID_NDK_HOME}/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android/30
set(ENV{VULKAN_SDK} $ENV{ANDROID_NDK_HOME}/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/sysroot/usr)
```

By doing this for all android triplets, you can install `vulkan` and the packages that require it. (e.g. `vulkan-hpp`)

<details>
  <summary markdown="span">`vcpkg install vulkan-hpp:arm64-android`</summary>

```console
user@host$ ./vcpkg install vulkan-hpp:arm64-android
Computing installation plan...
The following packages will be built and installed:
  * vulkan[core]:arm64-android -> 1.1.82.1-1
    vulkan-hpp[core]:arm64-android -> 2019-05-11-1
Additional packages (*) will be modified to complete this operation.
Detecting compiler hash for triplet arm64-android...
...
Starting package 1/2: vulkan:arm64-android
Building package vulkan[core]:arm64-android...
-- Using community triplet arm64-android. This triplet configuration is not guaranteed to succeed.
-- [COMMUNITY] Loading triplet configuration from: /.../vcpkg/triplets/community/arm64-android.cmake
-- Querying VULKAN_SDK Enviroment variable
-- Searching /.../Library/Android/sdk/ndk/22.1.7171670/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include/vulkan/ for vulkan.h
-- Found vulkan.h
-- Performing post-build validation
-- Performing post-build validation done
...
Building package vulkan[core]:arm64-android... done
Installing package vulkan[core]:arm64-android...
Installing package vulkan[core]:arm64-android... done
Elapsed time for package vulkan:arm64-android: 35.9 ms
Starting package 2/2: vulkan-hpp:arm64-android
Building package vulkan-hpp[core]:arm64-android...
-- Using community triplet arm64-android. This triplet configuration is not guaranteed to succeed.
-- [COMMUNITY] Loading triplet configuration from: /.../vcpkg/triplets/community/arm64-android.cmake
-- Using cached /.../vcpkg/downloads/KhronosGroup-Vulkan-Hpp-5ce8ae7fd0d9c0543d02f33cfa8a66e6a43e2150.tar.gz
-- Cleaning sources at /.../vcpkg/buildtrees/vulkan-hpp/src/e6a43e2150-4f344cd911.clean. Use --editable to skip cleaning for the packages you specify.
-- Extracting source /.../vcpkg/downloads/KhronosGroup-Vulkan-Hpp-5ce8ae7fd0d9c0543d02f33cfa8a66e6a43e2150.tar.gz
-- Using source at /.../vcpkg/buildtrees/vulkan-hpp/src/e6a43e2150-4f344cd911.clean
-- Performing post-build validation
-- Performing post-build validation done
...
Building package vulkan-hpp[core]:arm64-android... done
Installing package vulkan-hpp[core]:arm64-android...
Installing package vulkan-hpp[core]:arm64-android... done
Elapsed time for package vulkan-hpp:arm64-android: 144.5 ms

Total elapsed time: 1.013 s

The package vulkan-hpp:arm64-android is header only and can be used from CMake via:

    find_path(VULKAN_HPP_INCLUDE_DIRS "vulkan/vulkan.hpp")
    target_include_directories(main PRIVATE ${VULKAN_HPP_INCLUDE_DIRS})

```

</details>


## Consume libraries using vpckg, cmake and the android toolchain

1. Combine vcpkg and Android toolchains

vcpkg and android both provide dedicated toolchains:
````bash
vcpkg_toolchain_file=$VCPKG_ROOT/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
android_toolchain_file=$ANDROID_NDK_HOME/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake
````

When using vcpkg, the vcpkg toolchain shall be specified first. 

However, vcpkg provides a way to preload and additional toolchain, with the VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE option. 

````bash
cmake \
  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$vcpkg_toolchain_file \
  -DVCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$android_toolchain_file \
  ...
````

2. Specifiy the android abi and vcpkg triplet

When compiling for android, you need to select a matching "android abi" / "vcpkg triplet" pair.

For example:

````bash
android_abi=armeabi-v7a
vcpkg_target_triplet=arm-android

cmake 
  ...
  -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=$vcpkg_target_triplet \
  -DANDROID_ABI=$android_abi
````

### Test on an example

The folder [docs/examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake) provides a working example, with an android library that consumes the jsoncpp library:

*Details*

* The [CMakeLists](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake/CMakeLists.txt) simply uses `find_package` and `target_link_library`

* The [compile.sh](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake/compile.sh) script enables you to select any matching pair of "android abi" /  "vcpkg triplet" and to test the compilation

* The dummy [my_lib.cpp](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake/my_lib.cpp) file uses the jsoncpp library

*Note*: this example only compiles an Android library, as the compilation of a full fledged Android App is beyond the scope of this document.

### Test on an example, using [vcpkg_android.cmake](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake_script/cmake/vcpkg_android.cmake)

The folder [docs/examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake_script](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake_script) provides the same example, and uses a cmake script in order to simplify the usage.

*Details*

* The main [CMakeLists](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake_script/CMakeLists.txt) loads [vcpkg_android.cmake](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake_script/cmake/vcpkg_android.cmake) if the flag `VCPKG_TARGET_ANDROID` is set:
````cmake
if (VCPKG_TARGET_ANDROID)
    include("cmake/vcpkg_android.cmake")
endif()
````
*Important: place these lines before calling project() !*

* The [compile.sh](../examples/vcpkg_android_example_cmake_script/compile.sh) script shows that it is then possible to compile for android using a simple cmake invocation, for example:
````bash
cmake .. -DVCPKG_TARGET_ANDROID=ON -DANDROID_ABI=armeabi-v7a
````

## Consume libraries using vpckg, and Android prefab Archives (AAR files)

See [prefab.md](../specifications/prefab.md)