diff --git a/vowpalwabbit/config/src/cli_help_formatter.cc b/vowpalwabbit/config/src/cli_help_formatter.cc
index 8cc6dfe..10b9823 100644
--- a/vowpalwabbit/config/src/cli_help_formatter.cc
+++ b/vowpalwabbit/config/src/cli_help_formatter.cc
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "vw/config/options.h"
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
diff --git a/vowpalwabbit/config/src/options_cli.cc b/vowpalwabbit/config/src/options_cli.cc
index cec7c03..ea31810 100644
--- a/vowpalwabbit/config/src/options_cli.cc
+++ b/vowpalwabbit/config/src/options_cli.cc
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "vw/config/option.h"
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
diff --git a/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/automl_impl.h b/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/automl_impl.h
index 4a44666..0d1b35d 100644
--- a/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/automl_impl.h
+++ b/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/automl_impl.h
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ template <>
 class formatter<VW::reductions::automl::automl_state> : public formatter<std::string>
 {
 public:
-  auto format(VW::reductions::automl::automl_state c, format_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+  auto format(VW::reductions::automl::automl_state c, format_context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
   {
     return formatter<std::string>::format(std::string{VW::to_string(c)}, ctx);
   }
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ template <>
 class formatter<VW::reductions::automl::config_state> : public formatter<std::string>
 {
 public:
-  auto format(VW::reductions::automl::config_state c, format_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+  auto format(VW::reductions::automl::config_state c, format_context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
   {
     return formatter<std::string>::format(std::string{VW::to_string(c)}, ctx);
   }
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ template <>
 class formatter<VW::reductions::automl::config_type> : public formatter<std::string>
 {
 public:
-  auto format(VW::reductions::automl::config_type c, format_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+  auto format(VW::reductions::automl::config_type c, format_context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
   {
     return formatter<std::string>::format(std::string{VW::to_string(c)}, ctx);
   }
diff --git a/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/ccb_label.h b/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/ccb_label.h
index 2e7e985..b0050dd 100644
--- a/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/ccb_label.h
+++ b/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/ccb_label.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "vw/core/v_array.h"
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ template <>
 class formatter<VW::ccb_example_type> : public formatter<std::string>
 {
 public:
-  auto format(VW::ccb_example_type c, format_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+  auto format(VW::ccb_example_type c, format_context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
   {
     return formatter<std::string>::format(std::string{VW::to_string(c)}, ctx);
   }
diff --git a/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/slates_label.h b/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/slates_label.h
index 0cd089c..d226893 100644
--- a/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/slates_label.h
+++ b/vowpalwabbit/core/include/vw/core/slates_label.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ template <>
 class formatter<VW::slates::example_type> : public formatter<std::string>
 {
 public:
-  auto format(VW::slates::example_type c, format_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+  auto format(VW::slates::example_type c, format_context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
   {
     return formatter<std::string>::format(std::string{VW::to_string(c)}, ctx);
   }