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* docs: replace an abbreviation with a better word in direct.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: improve readability in lightweight.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: replace unnecessary abbreviations with translations in invitation.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix a typo, remove an extra space and replace an unnecessary abbreviation in transition.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: improve readability in visualization-page.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix a typo and improve readability in detail-page.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: improve readability in research-form.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: improve readability in research-list.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix a typo in research-result.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix a wrong img tag in research-navigation.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: improve readability in research-empty.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix punctuation inconsistency and improve readability in visual.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix typos and improve readability in motion.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> * docs: fix punctuation errors and improve readability in illustration.zh-CN.md Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu> --------- Signed-off-by: Tao Zhou <taozhou@umich.edu>
89 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
89 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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group: 设计模式 - 探索
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type: 全局规则
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order: 3
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title: 空状态
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---
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任何内容区域（页面、区块、组件、单数据）没有内容/数据显示给用户时，就会出现空状态。
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## 设计目标
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- 空状态应给予提示，帮助让用户了解空状态原因，避免产生误解与迷失；
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- 给予用户推荐操作提示，帮助用户摆脱空状态。
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---
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## 设计原则
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<div class="design-inline-cards">
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<div>
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<img src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*q5MRQ6TBR0EAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" />
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<div>
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<h4>明确</h4>
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<p>通过使用清晰明了的语言、插画等形式告知用户空状态的具体原因。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<img src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*wOoaT6juZqwAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" />
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<div>
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<h4>提供邀请</h4>
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<p>提供帮助文案、建议操作等解决方案，表明在下一个界面可以做什么，引导用户进行操作。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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### Do & Don’t
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<ImagePreview>
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<img class="preview-img no-padding good" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*Bh_yRKPOByUAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="正确示范" description="展示明确空状态提示。">
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<img class="preview-img no-padding bad" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*yiIXR4u8s2wAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="错误示范" description="空状态没有任何提示。">
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</ImagePreview>
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---
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## 使用场景
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### 新手引导
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<ImagePreview>
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*UyVCTaiJ3icAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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</ImagePreview>
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一般来说，新用户希望空状态具有帮助说明和推荐操作。首次使用应用或功能场景的空状态非常有用，因为它向用户展示了该功能和流程，并且可以帮助用户快速上手。为了帮助首次使用的新用户，空状态可以使用功能引导、帮助文档等方式填充原本为空的页面。
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#### 使用引导变形
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<ImagePreview>
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*Pf8HSa477DQAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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</ImagePreview>
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使用引导由状态提示、帮助引导、建议操作三个部分组成，设计时可根据业务流程选择模块来构成页面和变形。针对处于复杂流程中某一环的空状态页面，也可提供流程引导模块帮助用户全局理解操作流程，同时可提供文字按钮进行流程相关的快捷操作。
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### 完成或清空
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<ImagePreview>
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*SIZBTJs3O4kAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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</ImagePreview>
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这种空状态是用户自愿从功能上删除数据的情况。例如，客户完成了任务清单上的所有项目，阅读了所有通知。一般此类场景不需要进行操作引导，只需要用图形元素或提示信息进行空状态说明。
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### 无数据
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<ImagePreview>
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*utf3Qr-9VssAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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</ImagePreview>
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内容区域无数据的场景使用，由图形元素、提示信息、建议操作三类元素组合展示，根据使用场景决定是否提供建议操作。
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---
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## 扩展阅读
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### 外部参考文章
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- [Salesforce 空状态设计准则](https://www.lightningdesignsystem.com/guidelines/empty-state/#Message)
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- [PREDIX 空状态设计准则](https://www.predix-ui.com/#/design/communication/empty-states)
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- [Material Design 空状态设计准则](https://material.io/design/communication/empty-states.html#content)
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