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* patch route * use data for promise * rename Article file * Article in TS * clean up * use collect * adjust css * card it * listing * res * hiring * add footer * english it * rm others * fix lint * fix navigation * add dropdown button * Header with TS * split input & logo * navigation out * use flex * flex everything * stretch * hide search when narrow * init category * global rules * more cat * pages * level 2 width * level 3 * level 4 * skip before ready * clean up * unqiue shadow variable * update eslintignore * update ignore * fix ssr * fix location param * replace images * shake more * fix top of navigation * remove home * reorder nav & adjust padding style * narrow res style * Update research-form-page.zh-CN.md (#21426) Co-authored-by: Golevka <huangsamfisher@163.com> * rm skip * narrow merge in * reset p style * update svg * fix lint * update ignore * update lint ignore * Update research-result-page.zh-CN.md (#21432) Co-authored-by: mihaideyu <zxy1010414746@163.com> * Update research-result-page.zh-CN.md * Update research-workbench.zh-CN.md (#21438) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update research-workbench.zh-CN.md * Update research-list-page.zh-CN.md (#21441) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update research-list-page.zh-CN.md * padding use 40px * add responsive of ref * fix p margin * Update research-workbench.zh-CN.md * Update buttons.md (#21456) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update resources.en-US.md (#21457) * Update research-navigation.zh-CN.md (#21453) * Update research-navigation.zh-CN.md * Update research-navigation.zh-CN.md * Update research-navigation.zh-CN.md * Update research-empty.zh-CN.md (#21451) * Update research-empty.zh-CN.md * Update research-empty.zh-CN.md * Update research-empty.zh-CN.md * Update research-empty.zh-CN.md Co-authored-by: 二货机器人 <smith3816@gmail.com> * Update research-exception-page.zh-CN.md (#21452) * Update research-exception-page.zh-CN.md * Update research-exception-page.zh-CN.md * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md (#21463) * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md (#21467) * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md * replace background * fix lines margin * home padding * patch minTilda doc * Update resources.zh-CN.md (#21503) * clean up * Update research-workbench.zh-CN.md (#21512) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update research-overview.zh-CN.md (#21513) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update research-result-page.zh-CN.md (#21514) Co-authored-by: mihaideyu <zxy1010414746@163.com> * Update research-list-page.zh-CN.md (#21515) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * fix doc * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md (#21516) * adjust home nav width * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md (#21535) * Update research-form-page.zh-CN.md (#21554) Co-authored-by: Golevka <huangsamfisher@163.com> * patch file * clean up * update shadow.zh-CN update shadow.zh-CN * add shadow table * Update visual.zh-CN.md (#21577) Co-authored-by: shuwenliu0116 <33922479+shuwenliu0116@users.noreply.github.com> * Update docs/spec/shadow.zh-CN.md Co-Authored-By: 偏右 <afc163@gmail.com> * Update docs/spec/shadow.zh-CN.md Co-Authored-By: 偏右 <afc163@gmail.com> * Update docs/spec/shadow.zh-CN.md Co-Authored-By: 偏右 <afc163@gmail.com> * Update docs/spec/shadow.zh-CN.md Co-Authored-By: 偏右 <afc163@gmail.com> * Update docs/spec/shadow.zh-CN.md Co-Authored-By: 偏右 <afc163@gmail.com> * patch docs * fix doc * rm page suffix * fix style * mobile it * Update resources.en-US.md (#21561) * chart res * add qr code * adjust qr * Update visual.zh-CN.md (#21603) Co-authored-by: shuwenliu0116 <33922479+shuwenliu0116@users.noreply.github.com> * fix site qr * mobile height of it * book update * 3.x site link * isMobile is new cnotext * Update research-form.zh-CN.md (#21604) Co-authored-by: Golevka <huangsamfisher@163.com> * adjust form doc * mobile use link * adjust order * flush * fix ts * Update research-navigation.zh-CN.md (#21606) * Update research-navigation.zh-CN.md (#21609) * rm useless lines * add mobile icon * Update research-exception.zh-CN.md (#21612) * Update research-empty.zh-CN.md (#21610) * Update research-workbench.zh-CN.md * Update visual.zh-CN.md * adjust mobile icon * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md (#21613) * Update research-list.zh-CN.md (#21617) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update research-workbench.zh-CN.md (#21618) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update visual.zh-CN.md (#21619) Co-authored-by: shuwenliu0116 <33922479+shuwenliu0116@users.noreply.github.com> * Update research-result.zh-CN.md (#21620) Co-authored-by: mihaideyu <zxy1010414746@163.com> * Update research-form.zh-CN.md (#21615) * Update research-message-and-feedback.zh-CN.md (#21616) * Update research-list.zh-CN.md (#21621) Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> * Update research-result.zh-CN.md (#21624) Co-authored-by: mihaideyu <zxy1010414746@163.com> * update ref color * update zip file * fix mobile icon * rm skip dark * fix cat * update zip link * update zip link Co-authored-by: Golevka <huangsamfisher@163.com> Co-authored-by: mihaideyu <zxy1010414746@163.com> Co-authored-by: yingxirz <inseeing@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: 偏右 <afc163@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: myeunhyuk <39618466+myeunhyuk@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: minTilda <31951290+minTilda@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: ziyuan-174774 <61226089+ziyuan-174774@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: 竹尔 <54707870+AntDesigners@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: shuwenliu0116 <33922479+shuwenliu0116@users.noreply.github.com>
79 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
79 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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category: 设计模式 - 探索
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type: 全局规则
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order: 3
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title: 空状态
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---
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任何内容区域（页面、区块、组件、单数据）没有内容/数据显示给用户时，就会出现空状态。
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## 设计目标
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- 空状态应给予提示，帮助让用户了解空状态原因，避免产生误解与迷失；
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- 给予用户推荐操作提示，帮助用户摆脱空状态。
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---
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## 设计原则
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<div class="design-inline-cards">
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<div>
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<img src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*q5MRQ6TBR0EAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" />
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<div>
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<h4>明确</h4>
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<p>通过使用清晰明了的语言、插画等形式告知用户空状态的具体原因。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div>
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<img src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*wOoaT6juZqwAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" />
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<div>
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<h4>提供邀请</h4>
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<p>提供帮助文案、建议操作等解决方案，表明在下一个界面可以做什么，引导用户进行操作。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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### Do&Don’t
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<img class="preview-img no-padding good" align="right" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*Bh_yRKPOByUAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="正确示范" description="展示明确空状态提示。">
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<img class="preview-img no-padding bad" align="right" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*yiIXR4u8s2wAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ" alt="错误示范" description="空状态没有任何提示。">
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---
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## 使用场景
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### 新手引导
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" align="right" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*UyVCTaiJ3icAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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一般来说，新用户希望空状态具有帮助说明和推荐操作。首次使用应用或功能场景的空状态非常有用，因为它向用户展示了该功能和流程，并且可以帮助用户快速上手。为了帮助首次使用新用户，空状态可以使用功能引导、帮助文档等方式填充原本为空的页面。
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#### 使用引导变形
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" align="right" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*Pf8HSa477DQAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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使用引导由状态提示、帮助引导、建议操作三个部分组成，设计时可根据业务流程选择模块来构成页面和变形。针对处于复杂流程中某一环的空状态页面，也可提供流程引导模块帮助用户全局理解操作流程，同时可提供文字按钮进行流程相关的快捷操作。
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### 完成或清空
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" align="right" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*SIZBTJs3O4kAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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这种空状态是用户自愿从功能上删除数据的情况。例如，客户完成了任务清单上的所有项目，阅读了所有通知。一般此类场景不需要进行操作引导，只需要用图形元素或提示信息进行空状态说明。
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### 无数据
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<img class="preview-img no-padding" align="right" src="https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_08e378/afts/img/A*utf3Qr-9VssAAAAAAAAAAABkARQnAQ">
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内容区域无数据的场景使用，由图形元素、提示信息、建议操作三类元素组合展示，根据使用场景决定是否提供建议操作。
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---
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## 扩展阅读
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### 外部参考文章
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- [Salesforce 空状态设计准则](https://www.lightningdesignsystem.com/guidelines/empty-state/#Message)
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- [PREDIX 空状态设计准则](https://www.predix-ui.com/#/design/communication/empty-states)
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- [Material Design 空状态设计准则](https://material.io/design/communication/empty-states.html#content)
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