ant-design/docs/blog/form-names.zh-CN.md
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docs: add names demo (#48488)
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2024-04-26 21:10:09 +08:00

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---
title: 封装 Form.Item 实现数组转对象
date: 2024-04-26
author: crazyair
---
在表单开发过程中偶尔会遇到组合属性的需求。UI 展示字段与后端返回数据结构字段有所不同。比如说,跟后端对接接口,定义省市字段经常是 2 个字段 `{ province: Beijing, city: Haidian }`,而不是 `{ province:[BeijingHaidian] }`,因此则需要在 `initialValues` 以及 `onFinish` 处理值,如下:
```tsx
import React from 'react';
import { Cascader, Form } from 'antd';
const data = { province: 'Beijing', city: 'Haidian' };
const options = [
{ value: 'zhejiang', label: 'Zhejiang', children: [{ value: 'hangzhou', label: 'Hangzhou' }] },
{ value: 'jiangsu', label: 'Jiangsu', children: [{ value: 'nanjing', label: 'Nanjing' }] },
];
const createUser = (values) => console.log(values);
const Demo = () => (
<Form
initialValues={{ province: [data.province, data.city] }}
onFinish={(values) => {
const { province, ...rest } = values;
createUser({ province: province[0], city: province[1], ...rest });
}}
>
<Form.Item label="Address" name="province">
<Cascader options={options} placeholder="Please select" />
</Form.Item>
</Form>
);
export default Demo;
```
## 封装聚合字段组件
当表单比较简单还好,如果遇到 `Form.List` 场景,就需要 `map` 处理值,将变的很复杂。于是我们需要封装聚合字段组件,实现一个 `Form.Item` 可以写多个 `name`
## 思路整理
要实现聚合字段功能,我们需要用到 `getValueProps` `getValueFromEvent` `transform`,从而实现数据从 `FormStore` 中的转化,以及变更时重新传入 `FormStore` 结构中。
### getValueProps
默认情况下,`Form.Item` 会将 `FormStore` 中的字段值作为 `value` prop 传递给子组件。而通过 `getValueProps` 可以自定义传入给子组件的 `props` 从而实现转化功能。在聚合场景中,我们可以遍历 `names` 分别将 `FormStore` 中的值组合为一个 `value` 传递给子组件:
```tsx
getValueProps={() => ({ value: names.map((name) => form.getFieldValue(name)) })}
```
### getValueFromEvent
当子组件修改值时,使用 `setFields` 方法将子组件返回的聚合 `value` 分别设置给对应的 `name`,从而实现更新 `FormStore``names` 的值:
```tsx
getValueFromEvent={(values) => {
form.setFields(names.map((name, index) => ({ name, value: values[index] })));
return values[0];
}}
```
### transform
`rules` 中校验默认提供的 `value` 来源于子组件变更时传递给 `name` 对应的值,还需要从 `FormStore` 获取 `names` 的值使用 `transform` 方法修改 `rules``value`
```tsx
rules={[{
transform: () => {
const values = names.map((name) => form.getFieldValue(name));
return values;
},
}]}
```
## 最终效果
```tsx
import React from 'react';
import type { FormItemProps } from 'antd';
import { Cascader, Form } from 'antd';
export const AggregateFormItem = (
props: FormItemProps & { names?: FormItemProps<Record<string, any>>['name'][] },
) => {
const form = Form.useFormInstance();
const { names = [], rules = [], ...rest } = props;
const [firstName, ...resetNames] = names;
return (
<>
<Form.Item
name={firstName}
// names 的值转成数组传给 children
getValueProps={() => ({ value: names.map((name) => form.getFieldValue(name)) })}
getValueFromEvent={(values) => {
// 将 form store 分别设置给 names
form.setFields(names.map((name, index) => ({ name, value: values[index] })));
return values[0];
}}
rules={rules.map((thisRule) => {
if (typeof thisRule === 'object') {
return {
...thisRule,
transform: () => {
// 将 names 字段的值设置给 rule value
const values = names.map((name) => form.getFieldValue(name));
return values;
},
};
}
return thisRule;
})}
{...rest}
/>
{/* 绑定其他字段,使其可以 getFieldValue 获取值、setFields 设置值 */}
{resetNames.map((name) => (
<Form.Item key={name?.toString()} name={name} noStyle />
))}
</>
);
};
const data = { province: 'Beijing', city: 'Haidian' };
const options = [
{ value: 'zhejiang', label: 'Zhejiang', children: [{ value: 'hangzhou', label: 'Hangzhou' }] },
{ value: 'jiangsu', label: 'Jiangsu', children: [{ value: 'nanjing', label: 'Nanjing' }] },
];
const createUser = (values) => console.log(values);
export const Demo = () => (
<Form
initialValues={data}
onFinish={(values) => {
createUser(values);
}}
>
<AggregateFormItem label="Address" names={['province', 'city']} rules={[{ required: true }]}>
<Cascader options={options} placeholder="Please select" />
</AggregateFormItem>
</Form>
);
```
## 总结
通过这种方式,我们实现了一个可以在 `Form.Item` 中操作多个 `name` 的功能,使得表单逻辑更加清晰和易于维护。另外此示例还有些边界场景没有考虑,比如 `setFields([{ name:'city' value:'nanjing' }])` 不会更新 `Cascader` 选中的值,需要增加 `Form.useWatch(values => resetNames.map(name => get(values, name)), form);` 达到刷新效果等。更多的边界问题就交给你去试试吧~