Such upstreams cause CPU hog later in the code as number of peers isn't
expected to be 0. Currently this may happen either if there are only backup
servers defined in an upstream block, or if server with ipv6 address used
in an upstream block.
Note that "ctxt->loadsubset = 1" previously used isn't really correct as
ctxt->loadsubset is a bitfield now. The use of xmlCtxtUseOptions() with
XML_PARSE_DTDLOAD is believed to be a better way to do the same thing.
Patch by Laurence Rowe.
POSIX doesn't require it to be defined, and Debian GNU/Hurd doesn't define
it. Note that if there is no MAX_PATH defined we have to use realpath()
with NULL argument and free() the result.
The problem was introduced in 0.7.44 (r2589) during conversion to complex
values. Previously string.len included space for terminating NUL, but
with complex values it doesn't.
The bug in question is likely already fixed (though unfortunately we have
no information available as Apple's bugtracker isn't open), and the
workaround seems to be too pessimistic for modern versions of Safari
as well as other webkit-based browsers pretending to be Safari.
- Removed "hash" element from ngx_http_header_val_t which was always 1.
- Replaced NGX_HTTP_EXPIRES_* with ngx_http_expires_t enum type.
- Added prototype for ngx_http_add_header()
- Simplified ngx_http_set_last_modified().
This resulted in a disclosure of previously freed memory if upstream
server returned specially crafted response, potentially exposing
sensitive information.
Reported by Matthew Daley.
Embedded perl module assumes there is a space for terminating NUL character,
make sure to provide it in all situations by allocating one extra byte for
value buffer. Default ssi_value_length is reduced accordingly to
preserve 256 byte allocations.
While here, fixed another one byte value buffer overrun possible in
ssi_quoted_symbol_state.
Reported by Matthew Daley.
It wasn't enforced for a long time, and there are reports that people
use up to 100 simultaneous subrequests now. As this is a safety limit
to prevent loops, it's raised accordingly.
Previous code incorrectly assumed that nodes with identical keys are linked
together. This might not be true after tree rebalance.
Patch by Lanshun Zhou.
To completely disable symlinks (disable_symlinks on)
we use openat(O_NOFOLLOW) for each path component
to avoid races.
To allow symlinks with the same owner (disable_symlinks if_not_owner),
use openat() (followed by fstat()) and fstatat(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW),
and then compare uids between fstat() and fstatat().
As there is a race between openat() and fstatat() we don't
know if openat() in fact opened symlink or not. Therefore,
we have to compare uids even if fstatat() reports the opened
component isn't a symlink (as we don't know whether it was
symlink during openat() or not).
Default value is off, i.e. symlinks are allowed.
Nuke NGX_PARSE_LARGE_TIME, it's not used since 0.6.30. The only error
ngx_parse_time() can currently return is NGX_ERROR, check it explicitly
and make sure to cast it to appropriate type (either time_t or ngx_msec_t)
to avoid signedness warnings on platforms with unsigned time_t (notably QNX).
Now redirects to named locations are counted against normal uri changes
limit, and post_action respects this limit as well. As a result at least
the following (bad) configurations no longer trigger infinite cycles:
1. Post action which recursively triggers post action:
location / {
post_action /index.html;
}
2. Post action pointing to nonexistent named location:
location / {
post_action @nonexistent;
}
3. Recursive error page for 500 (Internal Server Error) pointing to
a nonexistent named location:
location / {
recursive_error_pages on;
error_page 500 @nonexistent;
return 500;
}
Without the protection, subrequest loop results in r->count overflow and
SIGSEGV. Protection was broken in 0.7.25.
Note that this also limits number of parallel subrequests. This
wasn't exactly the case before 0.7.25 as local subrequests were
completed directly.
See here for details:
http://nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-ru/2010-February/032184.html
Variables with the "not_found" flag set follow the same rules as ones with
the "valid" flag set. Make sure ngx_http_get_flushed_variable() will flush
non-cacheable variables with the "not_found" flag set.
This fixes at least one known problem with $args not available in a subrequest
(with args) when there were no args in the main request and $args variable was
queried in the main request (reported by Laurence Rowe aka elro on irc).
Also this eliminates unneeded call to ngx_http_get_indexed_variable() in
cacheable case (as it will return cached value anyway).
Temporary files might not be removed if the "proxy_store" or "fastcgi_store"
directives were used for subrequests (e.g. ssi includes) and client closed
connection prematurely.
Non-active subrequests are finalized out of the control of the upstream
module when client closes a connection. As a result, the code to remove
unfinished temporary files in ngx_http_upstream_process_request() wasn't
executed.
Fix is to move relevant code into ngx_http_upstream_finalize_request() which
is called in all cases, either directly or via the cleanup handler.
Empty flush buffers are legitimate and may happen e.g. due to $r->flush()
calls in embedded perl. If there are no data buffered in zlib, deflate()
will return Z_BUF_ERROR (i.e. no progress possible) without adding anything
to output. Don't treat Z_BUF_ERROR as fatal and correctly send empty flush
buffer if we have no data in output at all.
See this thread for details:
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx/2010-November/023693.html
If header filter postponed processing of a header by returning NGX_AGAIN
and not moved u->buffer->pos, previous check incorrectly assumed there
is additional space and did another recv() with zero-size buffer. This
resulted in "upstream prematurely closed connection" error instead
of correct "upstream sent too big header" one.
Patch by Feibo Li.
the way.
It was unintentionally changed in r4272, so that it could only limit the first
location where the processing of the request has reached PREACCESS phase.
Example configuration to reproduce:
server {
proxy_redirect off;
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8000;
proxy_redirect http://localhost:8000/ /;
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8000;
# proxy_redirect must be inherited from the level above,
# but instead it was switched off here
}
}
}
Doing a cleanup before every lookup seems to be too aggressive. It can lead to
premature removal of the nodes still usable, which increases the amount of work
under a mutex lock and therefore decreases performance.
In order to improve cleanup behavior, cleanup function call has been moved right
before the allocation of a new node.
"limit_req_zone" directive; minimum size of zone is increased.
Previously an unsigned variable was used to keep the return value of
ngx_parse_size() function, which led to an incorrect zone size if NGX_ERROR
was returned.
The new code has been taken from the "limit_conn_zone" directive.
The aio_return() must be called regardless of the error returned by
aio_error(). Not calling it resulted in various problems up to segmentation
faults (as AIO events are level-triggered and were reported again and again).
Additionally, in "aio sendfile" case r->blocked was incremented in case of
error returned from ngx_file_aio_read(), thus causing request hangs.
Support for TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 protocols was introduced in OpenSSL 1.0.1
(-beta1 was recently released). This change makes it possible to disable
these protocols and/or enable them without other protocols.
The problem was localized in ngx_http_proxy_rewrite_redirect_regex() handler
function which did not take into account prefix when overwriting header value.
New directives: proxy_cache_lock on/off, proxy_cache_lock_timeout. With
proxy_cache_lock set to on, only one request will be allowed to go to
upstream for a particular cache item. Others will wait for a response
to appear in cache (or cache lock released) up to proxy_cache_lock_timeout.
Waiting requests will recheck if they have cached response ready (or are
allowed to run) every 500ms.
Note: we intentionally don't intercept NGX_DECLINED possibly returned by
ngx_http_file_cache_read(). This needs more work (possibly safe, but needs
further investigation). Anyway, it's exceptional situation.
Note: probably there should be a way to disable caching of responses
if there is already one request fetching resource to cache (without waiting
at all). Two possible ways include another cache lock option ("no_cache")
or using proxy_no_cache with some supplied variable.
Note: probably there should be a way to lock updating requests as well. For
now "proxy_cache_use_stale updating" is available.
It's possible that configured limit_rate will permit more bytes per
single operation than sendfile_max_chunk. To protect disk from takeover
by a single client it is necessary to apply sendfile_max_chunk as a limit
regardless of configured limit_rate.
See here for report (in Russian):
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-ru/2010-March/032806.html
If proxy_pass was used with variables and there was no URI component,
nginx always used unparsed URI. This isn't consistent with "no variables"
case, where e.g. rewrites are applied even if there is no URI component.
Fix is to use the same logic in both cases, i.e. only use unparsed URI if
it's valid and request is the main one.
This resolves issue with try_files (see ticket #70), configuration like
location / { try_files $uri /index.php; }
location /index.php { proxy_pass http://backend; }
caused nginx to use original request uri in a request to a backend.
Historically, not clearing of the r->valid_unparsed_uri on internal redirect
was a feature: it allowed to pass the same request to (another) upstream
server via error_page redirection. Since then named locations appeared
though, and it's time to start resetting r->valid_unparsed_uri on internal
redirects. Configurations still using this feature should be converted
to use named locations instead.
Patch by Lanshun Zhou.
The SCGI specification doesn't specify format of the response, and assuming
CGI specs should be used there is no reason to complain. RFC 3875
explicitly states that "A Status header field is optional, and status
200 'OK' is assumed if it is omitted".
The r->http_version is a version of client's request, and modules must
not set it unless they are really willing to downgrade protocol version
used for a response (i.e. to HTTP/0.9 if no response headers are available).
In neither case r->http_version may be upgraded.
The former code downgraded response from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/1.0 for no reason,
causing various problems (see ticket #66). It was also possible that
HTTP/0.9 requests were upgraded to HTTP/1.0.
There have been multiple reports of cases where a real locked entry was
removed, resulting in a segmentation fault later in a worker which locked
the entry. It looks like default inactive timeout isn't enough in real
life.
For now just ignore such locked entries, and move them to the top of the
inactive queue to allow processing of other entries.
There are two possible situations which can lead to this: response was
cached with bigger proxy_buffer_size value (and nginx was restared since
then, i.e. shared memory zone content was lost), or due to the race in
the cache update code (see [1]) we've end up with fcn->body_start from
a different response stored in shared memory zone.
[1] http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2011-September/001287.html
The ngx_http_cache() and ngx_http_no_cache_set_slot() functions were replaced
by ngx_http_test_predicates() and ngx_http_set_predicate_slot() in 0.8.46 and
no longer used since then.
haven't been sent to a client.
The ngx_http_variable_headers() and ngx_http_variable_unknown_header() functions
did not ignore response header entries with zero "hash" field.
Thanks to Yichun Zhang (agentzh).
It was working for nginx's own 206 replies as they are seen as 200 in the
headers filter module (range filter goes later in the headers filter chain),
but not for proxied replies.
Additional parsing logic added to correctly handle RFC 3986 compliant IPv6 and
IPvFuture characters enclosed in square brackets.
The host validation was completely rewritten. The behavior for non IP literals
was changed in a more proper and safer way:
- Host part is now delimited either by the first colon or by the end of string
if there's no colon. Previously the last colon was used as delimiter which
allowed substitution of a port number in the $host variable.
(e.g. Host: 127.0.0.1:9000:80)
- Fixed stripping of the ending dot in the Host header when the host was also
followed by a port number.
(e.g. Host: nginx.com.:80)
- Fixed upper case characters detection. Previously it was broken which led to
wasting memory and CPU.
Check if received data length match Content-Length header (if present),
don't cache response if no match found. This prevents caching of corrupted
response in case of premature connection close by upstream.
Used "\x5" in 5th byte to claim presence of both audio and video. Used
previous tag size 0 in the beginning of the flv body (bytes 10 .. 13) as
required by specification (see http://www.adobe.com/devnet/f4v.html).
Patch by Piotr Sikora.
The following problems were fixed:
1. Directive fastcgi_cache affected headers sent to backends in unrelated
servers / locations (see ticket #45).
2. If-Unmodified-Since, If-Match and If-Range headers were sent to backends
if fastcgi_cache was used.
3. Cache-related headers were sent to backends if there were no fastcgi_param
directives and fastcgi_cache was used at server level.
Headers cleared with cache enabled (If-Modified-Since etc.) might be cleared
in unrelated servers/locations without proxy_cache enabled if proxy_cache was
used in some server/location.
Example config which triggered the problem:
proxy_set_header X-Test "test";
server { location /1 { proxy_cache name; proxy_pass ... } }
server { location /2 { proxy_pass ... } }
Another one:
server {
proxy_cache name;
location /1 { proxy_pass ... }
location /2 { proxy_cache off; proxy_pass ... }
}
In both cases If-Modified-Since header wasn't sent to backend in location /2.
Fix is to not modify conf->headers_source, but instead merge user-supplied
headers from conf->headers_source and default headers (either cache or not)
into separate headers_merged array.
The following config caused segmentation fault due to conf->file not
being properly set if "ssl on" was inherited from the http level:
http {
ssl on;
server {
}
}
Previously nginx used to mark backend again as live as soon as fail_timeout
passes (10s by default) since last failure. On the other hand, detecting
dead backend takes up to 60s (proxy_connect_timeout) in typical situation
"backend is down and doesn't respond to any packets". This resulted in
suboptimal behaviour in the above situation (up to 23% of requests were
directed to dead backend with default settings).
More detailed description of the problem may be found here (in Russian):
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-ru/2011-August/042172.html
Fix is to only allow one request after fail_timeout passes, and
mark backend as "live" only if this request succeeds.
Note that with new code backend will not be marked "live" unless "check"
request is completed, and this may take a while in some specific workloads
(e.g. streaming). This is believed to be acceptable.
Second aio post happened when timer set by limit_rate expired while we have
aio request in flight, resulting in "second aio post" alert and socket leak.
The patch adds actual protection from aio calls with r->aio already set to
aio sendfile code in ngx_http_copy_filter(). This should fix other cases
as well, e.g. when sending buffered to disk upstream replies while still
talking to upstream.
The ngx_http_writer() is also fixed to handle the above case (though it's
mostly optimization now).
Reported by Oleksandr V. Typlyns'kyi.
For files with '?' in their names autoindex generated links with '?' not
escaped. This resulted in effectively truncated links as '?' indicates
query string start.
This is an updated version of the patch originally posted at [1]. It
introduces generic NGX_ESCAPE_URI_COMPONENT which escapes everything but
unreserved characters as per RFC 3986. This approach also renders unneeded
special colon processing (as colon is percent-encoded now), it's dropped
accordingly.
[1] http://nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2010-February/000112.html
Reported by Konstantin Leonov.
If cache was bypassed with proxy_cache_bypass, cache-controlling headers
(Cache-Control, Expires) wasn't considered and response was cached even
if it was actually non-cacheable.
Patch by John Ferlito.
Configuration with duplicate upstream blocks defined after first use, i.e.
like
server {
...
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
upstream backend { ... }
upstream backend { ... }
now correctly results in "duplicate upstream" error.
Additionally, upstream blocks defined after first use now handle various
server directive parameters ("weight", "max_fails", etc.). Previously
configuration like
server {
...
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
upstream backend {
server 127.0.0.1 max_fails=5;
}
incorrectly resulted in "invalid parameter "max_fails=5"" error.
For normal cached responses ngx_http_cache_send() sends last buffer and then
request finalized via ngx_http_finalize_request() call, i.e. everything is
ok.
But for stale responses (i.e. when upstream died, but we have something in
cache) the same ngx_http_cache_send() sends last buffer, but then in
ngx_http_upstream_finalize_request() another last buffer is send. This
causes duplicate final chunk to appear if chunked encoding is used (and
resulting problems with keepalive connections and so on).
Fix this by not sending in ngx_http_upstream_finalize_request()
another last buffer if we know response was from cache.
The special case in question leads to replies without body in
configuration like
location / { error_page 404 /zero; return 404; }
location /zero { return 204; }
while replies with empty body are expected per protocol specs.
Correct one will look like
if (status == NGX_HTTP_NO_CONTENT) {
rc = ngx_http_send_header(r);
if (rc == NGX_ERROR || r->header_only) {
return rc;
}
return ngx_http_send_special(r, NGX_HTTP_LAST);
}
though it looks like it's better to drop this special case at all.
Big POST (not fully preread) to a
location / {
return 202;
}
resulted in incorrect behaviour due to "return" code path not calling
ngx_http_discard_request_body(). The same applies to all "return" used
with 2xx/3xx codes except 201 and 204, and to all "return ... text" uses.
Fix is to add ngx_http_discard_request_body() call to ngx_http_send_response()
function where it looks appropriate. Discard body call from emtpy gif module
removed as it's now redundant.
Reported by Pyry Hakulinen, see
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx/2011-August/028503.html
Test case:
location / {
error_page 405 /nope;
return 405;
}
location /nope {
return 200;
}
This is expected to return 405 with empty body, but in 0.8.42+ will return
builtin 405 error page as well (though not counted in Content-Length, thus
breaking protocol).
Fix is to use status provided by rewrite script execution in case
it's less than NGX_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST even if r->error_status set. This
check is in line with one in ngx_http_script_return_code().
Note that this patch also changes behaviour for "return 302 ..." and
"rewrite ... redirect" used as error handler. E.g.
location / {
error_page 405 /redirect;
return 405;
}
location /redirect {
rewrite ^ http://example.com/;
}
will actually return redirect to "http://example.com/" instead of builtin 405
error page with meaningless Location header. This looks like correct change
and it's in line with what happens on e.g. directory redirects in error
handlers.
Replies with 201 code contain body, and we should clearly indicate it's
empty if it's empty. Before 0.8.32 chunked was explicitly disabled for
201 replies and as a result empty body was indicated by connection close
(not perfect, but worked). Since 0.8.32 chunked is enabled, and this
causes incorrect responses from dav module when HTTP/1.1 is used: with
"Transfer-Encoding: chunked" but no chunks at all.
Fix is to actually return empty body in special response handler instead
of abusing r->header_only flag.
See here for initial report:
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-ru/2010-October/037535.html
This fixes crashes observed with some 3rd party balancer modules. Standard
balancer modules (round-robin and ip hash) explicitly set pc->connection
(aka u->peer.connection) to NULL and aren't affected.
and "chunked_transfer_encoding" directives, to be in line with all
directives taking a boolean argument. Both flags will ensure that
a directive takes one argument.
By default follow the old behaviour, i.e. FASTCGI_KEEP_CONN flag isn't set
in request and application is responsible for closing connection once request
is done. To keep connections alive fastcgi_keep_conn must be activated.
As long as ngx_event_pipe() has more data read from upstream than specified
in p->length it's passed to input filter even if buffer isn't yet full. This
allows to process data with known length without relying on connection close
to signal data end.
By default p->length is set to -1 in upstream module, i.e. end of data is
indicated by connection close. To set it from per-protocol handlers upstream
input_filter_init() now called in buffered mode (as well as in
unbuffered mode).
Previous use of size_t may cause wierd effects on 32bit platforms with certain
big responses transferred in unbuffered mode.
Nuke "if (size > u->length)" check as it's not usefull anyway (preread
body data isn't subject to this check) and now requires additional check
for u->length being positive.
We no longer use r->headers_out.content_length_n as a primary source of
backend's response length. Instead we parse response length to
u->headers_in.content_length_n and copy to r->headers_out.content_length_n
when needed.
Just doing another connect isn't safe as peer.get() may expect peer.tries
to be strictly positive (this is the case e.g. with round robin with multiple
upstream servers). Increment peer.tries to at least avoid cpu hog in
round robin balancer (with the patch alert will be seen instead).
This is not enough to fully address the problem though, hence TODO. We
should be able to inform balancer that the error wasn't considered fatal
and it may make sense to retry the same peer.
The ngx_chain_update_chains() needs pool to free chain links used for buffers
with non-matching tags. Providing one helps to reduce memory consumption
for long-lived requests.
There were 2 buffers allocated on each buffer chain sent through chunked
filter (one buffer for chunk size, another one for trailing CRLF, about
120 bytes in total on 32-bit platforms). This resulted in large memory
consumption with long-lived requests sending many buffer chains. Usual
example of problematic scenario is streaming though proxy with
proxy_buffering set to off.
Introduced buffers reuse reduces memory consumption in the above problematic
scenario.
See here for initial report:
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx/2010-April/019814.html
Read event should be blocked after reading body, else undefined behaviour
might occur on additional client activity. This fixes segmentation faults
observed with proxy_ignore_client_abort set.
"max_ranges 0" disables ranges support at all,
"max_ranges 1" allows the single range, etc.
By default number of ranges is unlimited, to be precise, 2^31-1.
then nginx disables ranges and returns just the source response.
This fix should not affect well-behaving applications but will defeat
DoS attempts exploiting malicious byte ranges.
SSL_set_SSL_CTX() doesn't touch values cached within ssl connection
structure, it only changes certificates (at least as of now, OpenSSL
1.0.0d and earlier).
As a result settings like ssl_verify_client, ssl_verify_depth,
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers are only configurable on per-socket basis while
with SNI it should be possible to specify them different for two servers
listening on the same socket.
Workaround is to explicitly re-apply settings we care about from context
to ssl connection in servername callback.
Note that SSL_clear_options() is only available in OpenSSL 0.9.8m+. I.e.
with older versions it is not possible to clear ssl_prefer_server_ciphers
option if it's set in default server for a socket.
now cache loader processes either as many files as specified by loader_files
or works no more than time specified by loader_threshold during each iteration.
loader_threshold was previously used to decrease loader_files or
to increase loader_timeout and this might eventually result in
downgrading loader_files to 1 and increasing loader_timeout to large values
causing loading cache for forever.
The following configuration causes nginx to hog cpu due to infinite loop
in ngx_http_upstream_get_peer():
upstream backend {
server 127.0.0.1:8080 down;
server 127.0.0.1:8080 down;
}
server {
...
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}
Make sure we don't loop infinitely in ngx_http_upstream_get_peer() but stop
after resetting peer weights once.
Return 0 if we are stuck. This is guaranteed to work as peer 0 always exists,
and eventually ngx_http_upstream_get_round_robin_peer() will do the right
thing falling back to backup servers or returning NGX_BUSY.
Flush flag wasn't set in constructed buffer and this prevented any data
from being actually sent to upstream due to SSL buffering. Make sure
we always set flush in the last buffer we are going to sent.
See here for report:
http://nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-ru/2011-June/041552.html
Previously all available data was used as body, resulting in garbage after
real body e.g. in case of pipelined requests. Make sure to use only as many
bytes as request's Content-Length specifies.
enabled in any server. The previous r1033 does not help when unused zone
becomes used after reconfiguration, so it is backed out.
The initial thought was to make SSL modules independed from SSL implementation
and to keep OpenSSL code dependance as much as in separate files.
list and evaluating total cache size. Reading just directory is enough for
this purpose. Elimination of reading cache files saves at least one disk I/O
operation per file.
Preparation for elimination of reading cache files by cache loader:
removing dependencies on the reading:
*) cache node valid_sec and valid_msec are used only for caching errors;
*) upstream buffer size can be used instead of cache node body_start.
by ngx_http_upstream_create_round_robin_peer(), since the peer lives
only during request so the saved SSL session will never be used again
and just causes memory leak
patch by Maxim Dounin
and is shared among all hosts instead of pregenerating for every HTTPS host
on configuraiton phase. This decreases start time for configuration with
large number of HTTPS hosts.
*) use a real excess value instead of non-updated limit_req rbtree node field,
*) move inactivity queue handling inside ngx_http_limit_req_lookup()
since the node is not required outside the lookup function;
the bug has been introduced in r3184
merge phase: otherwise the first server without an listen directive
did not become the default server if there was no explicit default server;
the bug has been introduced in r3218
