opencv/modules/highgui/src/window_w32.cpp

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#include "precomp.hpp"

#ifdef HAVE_WIN32UI

#include <opencv2/core/utils/logger.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/utils/trace.hpp>

#include "backend.hpp"

using namespace cv;

#include <windowsx.h> // required for GET_X_LPARAM() and GET_Y_LPARAM() macros

#ifdef __GNUC__
#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-declarations"
#endif

#if (_WIN32_IE < 0x0500)
#pragma message("WARNING: Win32 UI needs to be compiled with _WIN32_IE >= 0x0500 (_WIN32_IE_IE50)")
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#endif

#include <commctrl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
#include <memory>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include "opencv2/core/opengl.hpp"
#endif

static const char* trackbar_text =
"                                                                                             ";

#if defined _M_X64 || defined __x86_64 || defined _M_ARM64

#define icvGetWindowLongPtr GetWindowLongPtr
#define icvSetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, id, ptr) SetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, id, (LONG_PTR)(ptr))
#define icvGetClassLongPtr  GetClassLongPtr

#define CV_USERDATA GWLP_USERDATA
#define CV_WNDPROC GWLP_WNDPROC
#define CV_HCURSOR GCLP_HCURSOR
#define CV_HBRBACKGROUND GCLP_HBRBACKGROUND

#else

#define icvGetWindowLongPtr GetWindowLong
#define icvSetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, id, ptr) SetWindowLong(hwnd, id, (size_t)ptr)
#define icvGetClassLongPtr GetClassLong

#define CV_USERDATA GWL_USERDATA
#define CV_WNDPROC GWL_WNDPROC
#define CV_HCURSOR GCL_HCURSOR
#define CV_HBRBACKGROUND GCL_HBRBACKGROUND

#endif

#ifndef WM_MOUSEHWHEEL
    #define WM_MOUSEHWHEEL 0x020E
#endif

#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
static inline void mingw_strcpy_s(char *dest, size_t destsz, const char *src){
    strcpy(dest, src);
}

static inline void mingw_strcat_s(char *dest, size_t destsz, const char *src){
    strcat(dest, src);
}

#define strcpy_s mingw_strcpy_s
#define strcat_s mingw_strcat_s
#endif

static void FillBitmapInfo(BITMAPINFO* bmi, int width, int height, int bpp, int origin)
{
    CV_Assert(bmi && width >= 0 && height >= 0 && (bpp == 8 || bpp == 24 || bpp == 32));

    BITMAPINFOHEADER* bmih = &(bmi->bmiHeader);

    memset(bmih, 0, sizeof(*bmih));
    bmih->biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
    bmih->biWidth = width;
    bmih->biHeight = origin ? abs(height) : -abs(height);
    bmih->biPlanes = 1;
    bmih->biBitCount = (unsigned short)bpp;
    bmih->biCompression = BI_RGB;

    if (bpp == 8)
    {
        RGBQUAD* palette = bmi->bmiColors;
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        {
            palette[i].rgbBlue = palette[i].rgbGreen = palette[i].rgbRed = (BYTE)i;
            palette[i].rgbReserved = 0;
        }
    }
}

struct CvWindow;

struct CvTrackbar : public std::enable_shared_from_this<CvTrackbar>
{
    CvTrackbar(CvWindow& window, const std::string& name_)
        : signature(CV_TRACKBAR_MAGIC_VAL)
        , name(name_)
        , parent(&window)
    {
        // nothing
    }
    ~CvTrackbar()
    {
        signature = -1;
    }

    int signature;
    HWND hwnd = 0;
    std::string name;
    CvWindow* parent;  // TODO weak_ptr
    HWND buddy = 0;
    int* data = nullptr;
    int pos = 0;
    int maxval = 0;
    int minval = 0;
    void (*notify)(int) = nullptr;  // deprecated
    void (*notify2)(int, void*) = nullptr;  // deprecated
    TrackbarCallback onChangeCallback = nullptr;
    void* userdata = nullptr;
    int id = -1;
};


struct CvWindow : public std::enable_shared_from_this<CvWindow>
{
    CvWindow(const std::string& name_)
        : signature(CV_WINDOW_MAGIC_VAL)
        , name(name_)
    {
        // nothing
    }

    ~CvWindow()
    {
        signature = -1;
    }

    void destroy();

    int signature;
    cv::Mutex mutex;
    HWND hwnd = 0;
    std::string name;
    HWND frame = 0;

    HDC dc = 0;
    HGDIOBJ image = 0;
    int last_key = 0;
    int flags = 0;
    int status = 0;//0 normal, 1 fullscreen (YV)

    CvMouseCallback on_mouse = nullptr;
    void* on_mouse_param = nullptr;

    struct
    {
        HWND toolbar = 0;
        int pos = 0;
        int rows = 0;
        WNDPROC toolBarProc = nullptr;
        std::vector< std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar> > trackbars;
    }
    toolbar;

    int width = -1;
    int height = -1;

    // OpenGL support

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
    bool useGl = false;
    HGLRC hGLRC = 0;

    CvOpenGlDrawCallback glDrawCallback = nullptr;
    void* glDrawData = nullptr;
#endif
};

#define HG_BUDDY_WIDTH  130

#ifndef TBIF_SIZE
    #define TBIF_SIZE  0x40
#endif

#ifndef TB_SETBUTTONINFO
    #define TB_SETBUTTONINFO (WM_USER + 66)
#endif

#ifndef TBM_GETTOOLTIPS
    #define TBM_GETTOOLTIPS  (WM_USER + 30)
#endif

static
std::vector< std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> >& getWindowsList()
{
    static std::vector< std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> > g_windows;
    return g_windows;
}


// Mutex must be locked
static
std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> icvFindWindowByName(const std::string& name)
{
    auto& g_windows = getWindowsList();
    for (auto it = g_windows.begin(); it != g_windows.end(); ++it)
    {
        auto window = *it;
        if (!window)
            continue;
        if (window->name == name)
            return window;
    }
    return std::shared_ptr<CvWindow>();
}

static inline
std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> icvFindWindowByName(const char* name)
{
    CV_Assert(name);
    return icvFindWindowByName(std::string(name));
}

// Mutex must be locked
static
std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> icvFindWindowByHandle(HWND hwnd)
{
    auto& g_windows = getWindowsList();
    for (auto it = g_windows.begin(); it != g_windows.end(); ++it)
    {
        auto window = *it;
        if (!window)
            continue;
        if (window->hwnd == hwnd || window->frame == hwnd)
            return window;
    }
    return std::shared_ptr<CvWindow>();
}


static LRESULT CALLBACK HighGUIProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
static LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
static LRESULT CALLBACK MainWindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
static void icvUpdateWindowPos(CvWindow& window);

typedef int (CV_CDECL * CvWin32WindowCallback)(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM, int*);
static CvWin32WindowCallback hg_on_preprocess = 0, hg_on_postprocess = 0;
static HINSTANCE hg_hinstance = 0;

static const char* const highGUIclassName = "HighGUI class";
static const char* const mainHighGUIclassName = "Main HighGUI class";

static void icvCleanupHighgui()
{
    cvDestroyAllWindows();
    UnregisterClass(highGUIclassName, hg_hinstance);
    UnregisterClass(mainHighGUIclassName, hg_hinstance);
}

CV_IMPL int cvInitSystem(int, char**)
{
    static int wasInitialized = 0;

    // check initialization status
    if (!wasInitialized)
    {
        (void)getWindowMutex();  // force mutex initialization
        (void)getWindowsList();  // Initialize the storage

        // Register the class
        WNDCLASS wndc;
        wndc.style = CS_OWNDC | CS_VREDRAW | CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;
        wndc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
        wndc.cbClsExtra = 0;
        wndc.cbWndExtra = 0;
        wndc.hInstance = hg_hinstance;
        wndc.lpszClassName = highGUIclassName;
        wndc.lpszMenuName = highGUIclassName;
        wndc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
        wndc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(0, (LPSTR)(size_t)IDC_CROSS);
        wndc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(DKGRAY_BRUSH);

        RegisterClass(&wndc);

        wndc.lpszClassName = mainHighGUIclassName;
        wndc.lpszMenuName = mainHighGUIclassName;
        wndc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(DKGRAY_BRUSH);
        wndc.lpfnWndProc = MainWindowProc;

        RegisterClass(&wndc);
        atexit(icvCleanupHighgui);

        wasInitialized = 1;
    }

    setlocale(LC_NUMERIC,"C");  // FIXIT must be removed

    return 0;
}

CV_IMPL int cvStartWindowThread(){
    return 0;
}


static std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> icvWindowByHWND(HWND hwnd)
{
    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
    CvWindow* window = (CvWindow*)icvGetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, CV_USERDATA);
    window = window != 0 &&
           window->signature == CV_WINDOW_MAGIC_VAL ? window : 0;
    if (window)
    {
        return window->shared_from_this();
    }
    else
    {
        return std::shared_ptr<CvWindow>();
    }
}


static std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar> icvTrackbarByHWND(HWND hwnd)
{
    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
    CvTrackbar* trackbar = (CvTrackbar*)icvGetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, CV_USERDATA);
    trackbar = trackbar != 0 && trackbar->signature == CV_TRACKBAR_MAGIC_VAL &&
           trackbar->hwnd == hwnd ? trackbar : 0;
    if (trackbar)
    {
        return trackbar->shared_from_this();
    }
    else
    {
        return std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar>();
    }
}


static const char* const icvWindowPosRootKey = "Software\\OpenCV\\HighGUI\\Windows\\";

// Window positions saving/loading added by Philip Gruebele.
//<a href="mailto:pgruebele@cox.net">pgruebele@cox.net</a>
// Restores the window position from the registry saved position.
static void
icvLoadWindowPos(const char* name, CvRect& rect)
{
    HKEY hkey;
    char szKey[1024];
    strcpy_s(szKey, 1024, icvWindowPosRootKey);
    strcat_s(szKey, 1024, name);

    rect.x = rect.y = CW_USEDEFAULT;
    rect.width = rect.height = 320;

    if (RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,szKey,0,KEY_QUERY_VALUE,&hkey) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
    {
        // Yes we are installed.
        DWORD dwType = 0;
        DWORD dwSize = sizeof(int);

        RegQueryValueEx(hkey, "Left", NULL, &dwType, (BYTE*)&rect.x, &dwSize);
        RegQueryValueEx(hkey, "Top", NULL, &dwType, (BYTE*)&rect.y, &dwSize);
        RegQueryValueEx(hkey, "Width", NULL, &dwType, (BYTE*)&rect.width, &dwSize);
        RegQueryValueEx(hkey, "Height", NULL, &dwType, (BYTE*)&rect.height, &dwSize);

        // Snap rect into closest monitor in case it falls outside it. // Adi Shavit
        // set WIN32 RECT to be the loaded size
        POINT tl_w32 = { rect.x, rect.y };
        POINT tr_w32 = { rect.x + rect.width, rect.y };

        // find monitor containing top-left and top-right corners, or NULL
        HMONITOR hMonitor_l = MonitorFromPoint(tl_w32, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL);
        HMONITOR hMonitor_r = MonitorFromPoint(tr_w32, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONULL);

        // if neither are contained - the move window to origin of closest.
        if (NULL == hMonitor_l && NULL == hMonitor_r)
        {
           // find monitor nearest to top-left corner
           HMONITOR hMonitor_closest = MonitorFromPoint(tl_w32, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);

           // get coordinates of nearest monitor
           MONITORINFO mi;
           mi.cbSize = sizeof(mi);
           GetMonitorInfo(hMonitor_closest, &mi);

           rect.x = mi.rcWork.left;
           rect.y = mi.rcWork.top;
        }

        if (rect.width != (int)CW_USEDEFAULT && (rect.width < 0 || rect.width > 3000))
           rect.width = 100;
        if (rect.height != (int)CW_USEDEFAULT && (rect.height < 0 || rect.height > 3000))
           rect.height = 100;

        RegCloseKey(hkey);
    }
}


// Window positions saving/loading added by Philip Gruebele.
//<a href="mailto:pgruebele@cox.net">pgruebele@cox.net</a>
// philipg.  Saves the window position in the registry
static void
icvSaveWindowPos(const char* name, CvRect rect)
{
    static const DWORD MAX_RECORD_COUNT = 100;
    HKEY hkey;
    char szKey[1024];
    char rootKey[1024];
    strcpy_s(szKey, 1024, icvWindowPosRootKey);
    strcat_s(szKey, 1024, name);

    if (RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,szKey,0,KEY_READ,&hkey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
    {
        HKEY hroot;
        DWORD count = 0;
        FILETIME oldestTime = { UINT_MAX, UINT_MAX };
        char oldestKey[1024];
        char currentKey[1024];

        strcpy_s(rootKey, 1024, icvWindowPosRootKey);
        rootKey[strlen(rootKey)-1] = '\0';
        if (RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, rootKey, 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_READ+KEY_WRITE, 0, &hroot, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            //RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,rootKey,0,KEY_READ,&hroot) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            return;

        for(;;)
        {
            DWORD csize = sizeof(currentKey);
            FILETIME accesstime = { 0, 0 };
            LONG code = RegEnumKeyEx(hroot, count, currentKey, &csize, NULL, NULL, NULL, &accesstime);
            if (code != ERROR_SUCCESS && code != ERROR_MORE_DATA)
                break;
            count++;
            if (oldestTime.dwHighDateTime > accesstime.dwHighDateTime ||
                (oldestTime.dwHighDateTime == accesstime.dwHighDateTime &&
                oldestTime.dwLowDateTime > accesstime.dwLowDateTime))
            {
                oldestTime = accesstime;
                strcpy_s(oldestKey, 1024, currentKey);
            }
        }

        if (count >= MAX_RECORD_COUNT)
            RegDeleteKey(hroot, oldestKey);
        RegCloseKey(hroot);

        if (RegCreateKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,szKey,0,NULL,REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE, 0, &hkey, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            return;
    }
    else
    {
        RegCloseKey(hkey);
        if (RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,szKey,0,KEY_WRITE,&hkey) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            return;
    }

    RegSetValueEx(hkey, "Left", 0, REG_DWORD, (BYTE*)&rect.x, sizeof(rect.x));
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, "Top", 0, REG_DWORD, (BYTE*)&rect.y, sizeof(rect.y));
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, "Width", 0, REG_DWORD, (BYTE*)&rect.width, sizeof(rect.width));
    RegSetValueEx(hkey, "Height", 0, REG_DWORD, (BYTE*)&rect.height, sizeof(rect.height));
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
}

static Rect getImageRect_(CvWindow& window);

CvRect cvGetWindowRect_W32(const char* name)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetWindowRect_W32");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    Rect r = getImageRect_(*window);

    CvRect result = cvRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
    return result;
}

static Rect getImageRect_(CvWindow& window)
{
    RECT rect = { 0 };
    GetClientRect(window.hwnd, &rect);
    POINT pt = {rect.left, rect.top};
    ClientToScreen(window.hwnd, &pt);
    Rect result(pt.x, pt.y, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top);
    return result;
}

double cvGetModeWindow_W32(const char* name)//YV
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetModeWindow_W32");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    return window->status;
}

static bool setModeWindow_(CvWindow& window, int mode);

void cvSetModeWindow_W32(const char* name, double prop_value)//Yannick Verdie
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetModeWindow_W32");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
         CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    (void)setModeWindow_(*window, (int)prop_value);
}

static bool setModeWindow_(CvWindow& window, int mode)
{
    if (window.flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)//if the flag CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE is set
        return false;

    if (window.status == mode)
        return true;

    {
        DWORD dwStyle = (DWORD)GetWindowLongPtr(window.frame, GWL_STYLE);
        CvRect position;

        if (window.status == CV_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN && mode == CV_WINDOW_NORMAL)
        {
            icvLoadWindowPos(window.name.c_str(), position);
            SetWindowLongPtr(window.frame, GWL_STYLE, dwStyle | WS_CAPTION | WS_THICKFRAME);

            SetWindowPos(window.frame, HWND_TOP, position.x, position.y , position.width,position.height, SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
            window.status=CV_WINDOW_NORMAL;

            return true;
        }

        if (window.status == CV_WINDOW_NORMAL && mode == CV_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN)
        {
            //save dimension
            RECT rect = { 0 };
            GetWindowRect(window.frame, &rect);
            CvRect rectCV = cvRect(rect.left, rect.top,rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top);
            icvSaveWindowPos(window.name.c_str(), rectCV);

            //Look at coordinate for fullscreen
            HMONITOR hMonitor;
            MONITORINFO mi;
            hMonitor = MonitorFromRect(&rect, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);

            mi.cbSize = sizeof(mi);
            GetMonitorInfo(hMonitor, &mi);

            //fullscreen
            position.x=mi.rcMonitor.left;position.y=mi.rcMonitor.top;
            position.width=mi.rcMonitor.right - mi.rcMonitor.left;position.height=mi.rcMonitor.bottom - mi.rcMonitor.top;
            SetWindowLongPtr(window.frame, GWL_STYLE, dwStyle & ~WS_CAPTION & ~WS_THICKFRAME);

            SetWindowPos(window.frame, HWND_TOP, position.x, position.y , position.width,position.height, SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
            window.status=CV_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN;

            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

static double getPropTopmost_(CvWindow& window);

double cvGetPropTopmost_W32(const char* name)
{
    CV_Assert(name);

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window");

    return getPropTopmost_(*window);
}

static double getPropTopmost_(CvWindow& window)
{
    LONG style = GetWindowLongA(window.frame, GWL_EXSTYLE); // -20
    if (!style)
    {
        std::ostringstream errorMsg;
        errorMsg << "window(" << window.name << "): failed to retrieve extended window style using GetWindowLongA(); error code: " << GetLastError();
        CV_Error(Error::StsError, errorMsg.str());
    }

    bool result = (style & WS_EX_TOPMOST) == WS_EX_TOPMOST;
    return result ? 1.0 : 0.0;
}

static bool setPropTopmost_(CvWindow& window, bool topmost);

void cvSetPropTopmost_W32(const char* name, const bool topmost)
{
    CV_Assert(name);

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window");

    (void)setPropTopmost_(*window, topmost);
}

static bool setPropTopmost_(CvWindow& window, bool topmost)
{
    HWND flag    = topmost ? HWND_TOPMOST : HWND_TOP;
    BOOL success = SetWindowPos(window.frame, flag, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE);

    if (!success)
    {
        std::ostringstream errorMsg;
        errorMsg << "window(" << window.name << "): error reported by SetWindowPos(" << (topmost ? "HWND_TOPMOST" : "HWND_TOP") << "), error code:  " << GetLastError();
        CV_Error(Error::StsError, errorMsg.str());
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static double getPropVsync_(CvWindow& window);

double cvGetPropVsync_W32(const char* name)
{
#ifndef HAVE_OPENGL
    CV_UNUSED(name);
    CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Library was built without OpenGL support");
#else
    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "'name' argument must not be NULL");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsBadArg, ("there is no window named '%s'", name));

    double result = getPropVsync_(*window);
    return cvIsNaN(result) ? -1.0 : result;
#endif
}

static double getPropVsync_(CvWindow& window)
{
#ifndef HAVE_OPENGL
    CV_UNUSED(window);
    CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Library was built without OpenGL support");
#else
    // https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Swap_Interval
    // https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/extensions/EXT/WGL_EXT_extensions_string.txt
    // https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/extensions/EXT/WGL_EXT_swap_control.txt

    if (!wglMakeCurrent(window.dc, window.hGLRC))
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context");

    typedef const char* (APIENTRY* PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC)(void);
    PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC wglGetExtensionsString = NULL;
    wglGetExtensionsString = (PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglGetExtensionsStringEXT");
    if (wglGetExtensionsString == NULL)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); // wglGetProcAddress failed to get wglGetExtensionsStringEXT

    const char* wgl_extensions = wglGetExtensionsString();
    if (wgl_extensions == NULL)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); // Can't get WGL extensions string

    if (strstr(wgl_extensions, "WGL_EXT_swap_control") == NULL)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); // WGL extensions don't contain WGL_EXT_swap_control

    typedef int (APIENTRY* PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALPROC)(void);
    PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALPROC wglGetSwapInterval = 0;
    wglGetSwapInterval = (PFNWGLGETSWAPINTERVALPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglGetSwapIntervalEXT");
    if (wglGetSwapInterval == NULL)
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); // wglGetProcAddress failed to get wglGetSwapIntervalEXT

    return wglGetSwapInterval();
#endif
}

static bool setPropVsync_(CvWindow& window, bool enable_vsync);

void cvSetPropVsync_W32(const char* name, const bool enable_vsync)
{
#ifndef HAVE_OPENGL
    CV_UNUSED(name);
    CV_UNUSED(enable_vsync);
    CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Library was built without OpenGL support");
#else
    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "'name' argument must not be NULL");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsBadArg, ("there is no window named '%s'", name));

    (void)setPropVsync_(*window, enable_vsync);
#endif
}

static bool setPropVsync_(CvWindow& window, bool enable_vsync)
{
#ifndef HAVE_OPENGL
    CV_UNUSED(window);
    CV_UNUSED(enable_vsync);
    CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Library was built without OpenGL support");
#else
    if (!wglMakeCurrent(window.dc, window.hGLRC))
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context");

    typedef const char* (APIENTRY* PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC)(void);
    PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC wglGetExtensionsString = NULL;
    wglGetExtensionsString = (PFNWGLGETEXTENSIONSSTRINGEXTPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglGetExtensionsStringEXT");
    if (wglGetExtensionsString == NULL)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "wglGetProcAddress failed to get wglGetExtensionsStringEXT");

    const char* wgl_extensions = wglGetExtensionsString();
    if (wgl_extensions == NULL)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't get WGL extensions string");

    if (strstr(wgl_extensions, "WGL_EXT_swap_control") == NULL)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "WGL extensions don't contain WGL_EXT_swap_control");

    typedef BOOL(APIENTRY* PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALPROC)(int);
    PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALPROC wglSwapInterval = 0;
    wglSwapInterval = (PFNWGLSWAPINTERVALPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglSwapIntervalEXT");
    if (wglSwapInterval == NULL)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "wglGetProcAddress failed to get wglSwapIntervalEXT");

    wglSwapInterval(enable_vsync);
    return true;
#endif
}

void setWindowTitle_W32(const std::string& name, const std::string& title)
{
    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);

    if (!window)
    {
        namedWindow(name);
        window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    }

    if (!window)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window");

    if (!SetWindowText(window->frame, title.c_str()))
        CV_Error_(Error::StsError, ("Failed to set \"%s\" window title to \"%s\"", name.c_str(), title.c_str()));
}

double cvGetPropWindowAutoSize_W32(const char* name)
{
    double result = -1;

    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetCloseCallback");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    result = window->flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE;

    return result;
}

double cvGetRatioWindow_W32(const char* name)
{
    double result = -1;

    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetRatioWindow_W32");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    result = static_cast<double>(window->width) / window->height;

    return result;
}

double cvGetOpenGlProp_W32(const char* name)
{
    double result = -1;

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetOpenGlProp_W32");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        return -1;

    result = window->useGl;
#endif

    CV_UNUSED(name);

    return result;
}

double cvGetPropVisible_W32(const char* name)
{
    double result = -1;

    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetPropVisible_W32");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    result = (bool)window ? 1.0 : 0.0;

    return result;
}


// OpenGL support

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL

namespace
{
    void createGlContext(HWND hWnd, HDC& hGLDC, HGLRC& hGLRC, bool& useGl)
    {
        CV_FUNCNAME("createGlContext");

        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

        useGl = false;

        int PixelFormat;

        static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd =
        {
            sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor
            1,                             // Version Number
            PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |           // Format Must Support Window
            PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |           // Format Must Support OpenGL
            PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,              // Must Support Double Buffering
            PFD_TYPE_RGBA,                 // Request An RGBA Format
            32,                            // Select Our Color Depth
            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,              // Color Bits Ignored
            0,                             // No Alpha Buffer
            0,                             // Shift Bit Ignored
            0,                             // No Accumulation Buffer
            0, 0, 0, 0,                    // Accumulation Bits Ignored
            32,                            // 32 Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer)
            0,                             // No Stencil Buffer
            0,                             // No Auxiliary Buffer
            PFD_MAIN_PLANE,                // Main Drawing Layer
            0,                             // Reserved
            0, 0, 0                        // Layer Masks Ignored
        };

        hGLDC = GetDC(hWnd);
        if (!hGLDC)
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Create A GL Device Context");

        PixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hGLDC, &pfd);
        if (!PixelFormat)
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat");

        if (!SetPixelFormat(hGLDC, PixelFormat, &pfd))
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Set The PixelFormat");

        hGLRC = wglCreateContext(hGLDC);
        if (!hGLRC)
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Create A GL Rendering Context");

        if (!wglMakeCurrent(hGLDC, hGLRC))
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context");

        useGl = true;
    }

    void releaseGlContext(CvWindow& window)
    {
        //CV_FUNCNAME("releaseGlContext");

        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

        if (window.hGLRC)
        {
            wglDeleteContext(window.hGLRC);
            window.hGLRC = NULL;
        }

        if (window.dc)
        {
            ReleaseDC(window.hwnd, window.dc);
            window.dc = NULL;
        }

        window.useGl = false;
    }

    void drawGl(CvWindow& window)
    {
        CV_FUNCNAME("drawGl");

        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

        if (!wglMakeCurrent(window.dc, window.hGLRC))
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context");

        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        if (window.glDrawCallback)
            window.glDrawCallback(window.glDrawData);

        if (!SwapBuffers(window.dc))
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't swap OpenGL buffers");
    }

    void resizeGl(CvWindow& window)
    {
        CV_FUNCNAME("resizeGl");

        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

        if (!wglMakeCurrent(window.dc, window.hGLRC))
            CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context");

        glViewport(0, 0, window.width, window.height);
    }
}

#endif // HAVE_OPENGL

static std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> namedWindow_(const std::string& name, int flags);

CV_IMPL int cvNamedWindow(const char* name, int flags)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvNamedWindow");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    // Check the name in the storage
    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (window)
    {
        return 1;
    }

    window = namedWindow_(name, flags);
    return (bool)window;
}

static std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> namedWindow_(const std::string& name, int flags)
{
    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    cvInitSystem(0,0);

    HWND hWnd, mainhWnd;
    DWORD defStyle = WS_VISIBLE | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU;
#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
    bool useGl;
    HDC hGLDC;
    HGLRC hGLRC;
#endif

    CvRect rect;
    icvLoadWindowPos(name.c_str(), rect);

    if (!(flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE))//YV add border in order to resize the window
       defStyle |= WS_SIZEBOX;

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
    if (flags & CV_WINDOW_OPENGL)
        defStyle |= WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS;
#endif

    mainhWnd = CreateWindow(mainHighGUIclassName, name.c_str(), defStyle | WS_OVERLAPPED,
                             rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height, 0, 0, hg_hinstance, 0);
    if (!mainhWnd)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsError, ("Frame window can not be created: '%s'", name.c_str()));

    ShowWindow(mainhWnd, SW_SHOW);

    //YV- remove one border by changing the style
    hWnd = CreateWindow(highGUIclassName, "", (defStyle & ~WS_SIZEBOX) | WS_CHILD, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, rect.width, rect.height, mainhWnd, 0, hg_hinstance, 0);
    if (!hWnd)
        CV_Error(Error::StsError, "Frame window can not be created");

#ifndef HAVE_OPENGL
    if (flags & CV_WINDOW_OPENGL)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Library was built without OpenGL support");
#else
    useGl = false;
    hGLDC = 0;
    hGLRC = 0;

    if (flags & CV_WINDOW_OPENGL)
        createGlContext(hWnd, hGLDC, hGLRC, useGl);
#endif

    ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);

    auto window = std::make_shared<CvWindow>(name);

    window->hwnd = hWnd;
    window->frame = mainhWnd;
    window->flags = flags;
    window->image = 0;

#ifndef HAVE_OPENGL
    window->dc = CreateCompatibleDC(0);
#else
    if (!useGl)
    {
        window->dc = CreateCompatibleDC(0);
        window->hGLRC = 0;
        window->useGl = false;
    }
    else
    {
        window->dc = hGLDC;
        window->hGLRC = hGLRC;
        window->useGl = true;
    }

    window->glDrawCallback = 0;
    window->glDrawData = 0;
#endif

    window->last_key = 0;
    window->status = CV_WINDOW_NORMAL;//YV

    window->on_mouse = 0;
    window->on_mouse_param = 0;

    icvSetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, CV_USERDATA, window.get());
    icvSetWindowLongPtr(mainhWnd, CV_USERDATA, window.get());

    auto& g_windows = getWindowsList();
    g_windows.push_back(window);

    // Recalculate window pos
    icvUpdateWindowPos(*window);

    return window;
}

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL

CV_IMPL void cvSetOpenGlContext(const char* name)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetOpenGlContext");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    if (!window->useGl)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Window doesn't support OpenGL");

    if (!wglMakeCurrent(window->dc, window->hGLRC))
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlApiCallError, "Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context");
}

CV_IMPL void cvUpdateWindow(const char* name)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvUpdateWindow");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    InvalidateRect(window->hwnd, 0, 0);
}

CV_IMPL void cvSetOpenGlDrawCallback(const char* name, CvOpenGlDrawCallback callback, void* userdata)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvCreateOpenGLCallback");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    if (!window->useGl)
        CV_Error(Error::OpenGlNotSupported, "Window was created without OpenGL context");

    window->glDrawCallback = callback;
    window->glDrawData = userdata;
}

#endif // HAVE_OPENGL

static void icvRemoveWindow(const std::shared_ptr<CvWindow>& window_)
{
    CV_Assert(window_);
    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
    CvWindow& window = *window_;

    RECT wrect={0,0,0,0};

    auto& g_windows = getWindowsList();
    for (auto it = g_windows.begin(); it != g_windows.end(); ++it)
    {
        const std::shared_ptr<CvWindow>& w = *it;
        if (w.get() == &window)
        {
            g_windows.erase(it);
            break;
        }
    }

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
    if (window.useGl)
        releaseGlContext(window);
#endif

    if (window.frame)
        GetWindowRect(window.frame, &wrect);
    icvSaveWindowPos(window.name.c_str(), cvRect(wrect.left, wrect.top, wrect.right-wrect.left, wrect.bottom-wrect.top));

    if (window.hwnd)
        icvSetWindowLongPtr(window.hwnd, CV_USERDATA, 0);
    if (window.frame)
        icvSetWindowLongPtr(window.frame, CV_USERDATA, 0);

    if (window.toolbar.toolbar)
        icvSetWindowLongPtr(window.toolbar.toolbar, CV_USERDATA, 0);

    if (window.dc && window.image)
        DeleteObject(SelectObject(window.dc, window.image));

    if (window.dc)
        DeleteDC(window.dc);

    for (auto it = window.toolbar.trackbars.begin(); it != window.toolbar.trackbars.end(); ++it)
    {
        auto trackbar = (*it).get();
        if (trackbar && trackbar->hwnd)
        {
            icvSetWindowLongPtr(trackbar->hwnd, CV_USERDATA, 0);
        }
    }
}


CV_IMPL void cvDestroyWindow(const char* name)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvDestroyWindow");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name string");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    window->destroy();
}


void CvWindow::destroy()
{
    SendMessage(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
    SendMessage(frame, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
    // Do NOT call _remove_window -- CvWindow list will be updated automatically ...
}

static void icvScreenToClient(HWND hwnd, RECT* rect)
{
    POINT p;
    p.x = rect->left;
    p.y = rect->top;
    ScreenToClient(hwnd, &p);
    OffsetRect(rect, p.x - rect->left, p.y - rect->top);
}


/* Calculatess the window coordinates relative to the upper left corner of the mainhWnd window */
static RECT icvCalcWindowRect(CvWindow& window)
{
    RECT crect = { 0 }, trect = { 0 }, rect = { 0 };

    GetClientRect(window.frame, &crect);
    if (window.toolbar.toolbar)
    {
        GetWindowRect(window.toolbar.toolbar, &trect);
        icvScreenToClient(window.frame, &trect);
        SubtractRect(&rect, &crect, &trect);
    }
    else
        rect = crect;

    return rect;
}
static inline RECT icvCalcWindowRect(CvWindow* window) { CV_Assert(window); return icvCalcWindowRect(*window); }


// returns FALSE if there is a problem such as ERROR_IO_PENDING.
static bool icvGetBitmapData(CvWindow& window, SIZE& size, int& channels, void*& data)
{
    GdiFlush();

    HGDIOBJ h = GetCurrentObject(window.dc, OBJ_BITMAP);
    size.cx = size.cy = 0;
    data = 0;

    if (h == NULL)
        return false;

    BITMAP bmp = {};
    if (GetObject(h, sizeof(bmp), &bmp) == 0)
        return false;

    size.cx = abs(bmp.bmWidth);
    size.cy = abs(bmp.bmHeight);

    channels = bmp.bmBitsPixel/8;

    data = bmp.bmBits;

    return true;
}
static bool icvGetBitmapData(CvWindow& window, SIZE& size)
{
    int channels = 0;
    void* data = nullptr;
    return icvGetBitmapData(window, size, channels, data);
}


static void icvUpdateWindowPos(CvWindow& window)
{
    RECT rect = { 0 };

    if ((window.flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE) && window.image)
    {
        int i;
        SIZE size = {0,0};
        icvGetBitmapData(window, size);  // TODO check return value?

        // Repeat two times because after the first resizing of the mainhWnd window
        // toolbar may resize too
        for(i = 0; i < (window.toolbar.toolbar ? 2 : 1); i++)
        {
            RECT rmw = { 0 }, rw = icvCalcWindowRect(&window);
            MoveWindow(window.hwnd, rw.left, rw.top,
                rw.right - rw.left, rw.bottom - rw.top, FALSE);
            GetClientRect(window.hwnd, &rw);
            GetWindowRect(window.frame, &rmw);
            // Resize the mainhWnd window in order to make the bitmap fit into the child window
            MoveWindow(window.frame, rmw.left, rmw.top,
                size.cx + (rmw.right - rmw.left) - (rw.right - rw.left),
                size.cy + (rmw.bottom - rmw.top) - (rw.bottom - rw.top), TRUE);
        }
    }

    rect = icvCalcWindowRect(window);
    MoveWindow(window.hwnd, rect.left, rect.top,
               rect.right - rect.left,
               rect.bottom - rect.top, TRUE);
}

static void showImage_(CvWindow& window, const Mat& image);

CV_IMPL void
cvShowImage(const char* name, const CvArr* arr)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvShowImage");

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name");

    std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> window;
    {
        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

        window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
        if (!window)
        {
            cvNamedWindow(name, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
            window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
        }
    }

    if (!window || !arr)
        return; // keep silence here.

    CvMat stub = {};
    CvMat* image_c = cvGetMat(arr, &stub);
    Mat image = cv::cvarrToMat(image_c);
#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
    if (window->useGl)
    {
        cv::imshow(name, image);
        return;
    }
#endif
    return showImage_(*window, image);
}

static void showImage_(CvWindow& window, const Mat& image)
{
    AutoLock lock(window.mutex);

    SIZE size = { 0, 0 };
    int channels = 0;
    void* dst_ptr = 0;
    const int channels0 = 3;
    bool changed_size = false; // philipg

    if (window.image)
    {
        // if there is something wrong with these system calls, we cannot display image...
        if (!icvGetBitmapData(window, size, channels, dst_ptr))
            return;
    }

    if (size.cx != image.cols || size.cy != image.rows || channels != channels0)
    {
        changed_size = true;

        uchar buffer[sizeof(BITMAPINFO) + 255*sizeof(RGBQUAD)];
        BITMAPINFO* binfo = (BITMAPINFO*)buffer;

        DeleteObject(SelectObject(window.dc, window.image));
        window.image = 0;

        size.cx = image.cols;
        size.cy = image.rows;
        channels = channels0;

        FillBitmapInfo(binfo, size.cx, size.cy, channels*8, 1);

        window.image = SelectObject(window.dc,
                CreateDIBSection(window.dc, binfo, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &dst_ptr, 0, 0)
            );
    }

    {
        cv::Mat dst(size.cy, size.cx, CV_8UC3, dst_ptr, (size.cx * channels + 3) & -4);
        convertToShow(image, dst, false);
        CV_Assert(dst.data == (uchar*)dst_ptr);
        cv::flip(dst, dst, 0);
    }

    // only resize window if needed
    if (changed_size)
        icvUpdateWindowPos(window);
    InvalidateRect(window.hwnd, 0, 0);
    // philipg: this is not needed and just slows things down
    //    UpdateWindow(window->hwnd);
}

static void resizeWindow_(CvWindow& window, const Size& size);

CV_IMPL void cvResizeWindow(const char* name, int width, int height)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvResizeWindow");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    return resizeWindow_(*window, Size(width, height));
}

static void resizeWindow_(CvWindow& window, const Size& size)
{
    RECT rmw = { 0 }, rw = { 0 }, rect = { 0 };

    // Repeat two times because after the first resizing of the mainhWnd window
    // toolbar may resize too
    for (int i = 0; i < (window.toolbar.toolbar ? 2 : 1); i++)
    {
        rw = icvCalcWindowRect(window);
        MoveWindow(window.hwnd, rw.left, rw.top,
            rw.right - rw.left, rw.bottom - rw.top, FALSE);
        GetClientRect(window.hwnd, &rw);
        GetWindowRect(window.frame, &rmw);
        // Resize the mainhWnd window in order to make the bitmap fit into the child window
        MoveWindow(window.frame, rmw.left, rmw.top,
            size.width  + (rmw.right - rmw.left) - (rw.right - rw.left),
            size.height + (rmw.bottom - rmw.top) - (rw.bottom - rw.top), TRUE);
    }

    rect = icvCalcWindowRect(window);
    MoveWindow(window.hwnd, rect.left, rect.top,
        rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top, TRUE);
}

static void moveWindow_(CvWindow& window, const Point& pt);

CV_IMPL void cvMoveWindow(const char* name, int x, int y)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvMoveWindow");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL name");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    (void)moveWindow_(*window, Point(x, y));
}

static void moveWindow_(CvWindow& window, const Point& pt)
{
    RECT rect = { 0 };
    GetWindowRect(window.frame, &rect);  // TODO check return value
    MoveWindow(window.frame, pt.x, pt.y, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top, TRUE);
}


static LRESULT CALLBACK
MainWindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    auto window_ = icvWindowByHWND(hwnd);
    if (!window_)
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

    CvWindow& window = *window_;

    switch(uMsg)
    {
    case WM_COPY:
        ::SendMessage(window.hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        icvRemoveWindow(window_);
        // Do nothing!!!
        //PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;

    case WM_GETMINMAXINFO:
        if (!(window.flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE))
        {
            MINMAXINFO* minmax = (MINMAXINFO*)lParam;
            RECT rect = { 0 };
            LRESULT retval = DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

            minmax->ptMinTrackSize.y = 100;
            minmax->ptMinTrackSize.x = 100;

            if (!window.toolbar.trackbars.empty())
            {
                GetWindowRect(window.toolbar.trackbars[0]->hwnd, &rect);
                minmax->ptMinTrackSize.y += window.toolbar.rows*(rect.bottom - rect.top);
                minmax->ptMinTrackSize.x = MAX(rect.right - rect.left + HG_BUDDY_WIDTH, HG_BUDDY_WIDTH*2);
            }
            return retval;
        }
        break;

    case WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED:
        {
            WINDOWPOS* pos = (WINDOWPOS*)lParam;

            // Update the toolbar pos/size
            if (window.toolbar.toolbar)
            {
                RECT rect = { 0 };
                GetWindowRect(window.toolbar.toolbar, &rect);
                MoveWindow(window.toolbar.toolbar, 0, 0, pos->cx, rect.bottom - rect.top, TRUE);
            }

            if (!(window.flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE))
                icvUpdateWindowPos(window);

            break;
        }

    case WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING:
       {
          // Snap window to screen edges with multi-monitor support. // Adi Shavit
          LPWINDOWPOS pos = (LPWINDOWPOS)lParam;

          RECT rect = { 0 };
          GetWindowRect(window.frame, &rect);

          HMONITOR hMonitor;
          hMonitor = MonitorFromRect(&rect, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);

          MONITORINFO mi;
          mi.cbSize = sizeof(mi);
          GetMonitorInfo(hMonitor, &mi);

          const int SNAP_DISTANCE = 15;

          if (abs(pos->x - mi.rcMonitor.left) <= SNAP_DISTANCE)
             pos->x = mi.rcMonitor.left;               // snap to left edge
          else
             if (abs(pos->x + pos->cx - mi.rcMonitor.right) <= SNAP_DISTANCE)
                pos->x = mi.rcMonitor.right - pos->cx; // snap to right edge

          if (abs(pos->y - mi.rcMonitor.top) <= SNAP_DISTANCE)
             pos->y = mi.rcMonitor.top;                 // snap to top edge
          else
             if (abs(pos->y + pos->cy - mi.rcMonitor.bottom) <= SNAP_DISTANCE)
                pos->y = mi.rcMonitor.bottom - pos->cy; // snap to bottom edge
       }

    case WM_ACTIVATE:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == WA_ACTIVE || LOWORD(wParam) == WA_CLICKACTIVE)
            SetFocus(window.hwnd);
        break;

    case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
    case WM_MOUSEHWHEEL:
       if (window.on_mouse)
       {
          int flags = (wParam & MK_LBUTTON      ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON  : 0)|
                      (wParam & MK_RBUTTON      ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_RBUTTON  : 0)|
                      (wParam & MK_MBUTTON      ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_MBUTTON  : 0)|
                      (wParam & MK_CONTROL      ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_CTRLKEY  : 0)|
                      (wParam & MK_SHIFT        ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_SHIFTKEY : 0)|
                      (GetKeyState(VK_MENU) < 0 ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_ALTKEY   : 0);
          int event = (uMsg == WM_MOUSEWHEEL    ? CV_EVENT_MOUSEWHEEL    : CV_EVENT_MOUSEHWHEEL);

          // Set the wheel delta of mouse wheel to be in the upper word of 'event'
          int delta = GET_WHEEL_DELTA_WPARAM(wParam);
          flags |= (delta << 16);

          POINT pt;
          pt.x = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);
          pt.y = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);
          ::ScreenToClient(hwnd, &pt); // Convert screen coordinates to client coordinates.

          RECT rect = { 0 };
          GetClientRect(window.hwnd, &rect);

          SIZE size = {0,0};
#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
          if (window.useGl)
          {
              cv::ogl::Texture2D* texObj = static_cast<cv::ogl::Texture2D*>(window.glDrawData);
              size.cx = texObj->cols();
              size.cy = texObj->rows();
          }
          else
          {
              icvGetBitmapData(window, size);
          }
#else
          icvGetBitmapData(window, size);
#endif

          int x = cvRound((float)pt.x*size.cx/MAX(rect.right - rect.left,1));
          int y = cvRound((float)pt.y*size.cy/MAX(rect.bottom - rect.top,1));
          window.on_mouse(event, x, y, flags, window.on_mouse_param);
       }
       break;

    case WM_ERASEBKGND:
        {
            RECT cr = { 0 }, tr = { 0 }, wrc = { 0 };
            HRGN rgn, rgn1, rgn2;
            int ret;
            HDC hdc = (HDC)wParam;
            GetWindowRect(window.hwnd, &cr);
            icvScreenToClient(window.frame, &cr);
            if (window.toolbar.toolbar)
            {
                GetWindowRect(window.toolbar.toolbar, &tr);
                icvScreenToClient(window.frame, &tr);
            }
            else
                tr.left = tr.top = tr.right = tr.bottom = 0;

            GetClientRect(window.frame, &wrc);

            rgn = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, wrc.right, wrc.bottom);
            rgn1 = CreateRectRgn(cr.left, cr.top, cr.right, cr.bottom);
            rgn2 = CreateRectRgn(tr.left, tr.top, tr.right, tr.bottom);
            CV_Assert_N(rgn != 0, rgn1 != 0, rgn2 != 0);

            ret = CombineRgn(rgn, rgn, rgn1, RGN_DIFF);
            ret = CombineRgn(rgn, rgn, rgn2, RGN_DIFF);

            if (ret != NULLREGION && ret != ERROR)
                FillRgn(hdc, rgn, (HBRUSH)icvGetClassLongPtr(hwnd, CV_HBRBACKGROUND));

            DeleteObject(rgn);
            DeleteObject(rgn1);
            DeleteObject(rgn2);
        }
        return 1;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}


static LRESULT CALLBACK HighGUIProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    auto window_ = icvWindowByHWND(hwnd);
    if (!window_)
    {
        // This window is not mentioned in HighGUI storage
        // Actually, this should be error except for the case of calls to CreateWindow
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    CvWindow& window = *window_;

    // Process the message
    switch(uMsg)
    {
    case WM_COPY:
        {
            if (!::OpenClipboard(hwnd))
                break;

            HDC hDC       = 0;
            HDC memDC     = 0;
            HBITMAP memBM = 0;

            // We'll use a do-while(0){} scope as a single-run breakable scope
            // Upon any error we can jump out of the single-time while scope to clean up the resources.
            do
            {
                if (!::EmptyClipboard())
                    break;

                if (!window.image)
                    break;

                // Get window device context
                if (0 == (hDC = ::GetDC(hwnd)))
                    break;

                // Create another DC compatible with hDC
                if (0 == (memDC = ::CreateCompatibleDC(hDC)))
                    break;

                // Determine the bitmap's dimensions
                SIZE size = {0,0};
                int nchannels = 3;
                void* data = NULL;  // unused
                icvGetBitmapData(window, size, nchannels, data);

                // Create bitmap to draw on and it in the new DC
                if (0 == (memBM = ::CreateCompatibleBitmap(hDC, size.cx, size.cy)))
                    break;

                if (!::SelectObject(memDC, memBM))
                    break;

                // Begin drawing to DC
                if (!::SetStretchBltMode(memDC, COLORONCOLOR))
                    break;

                RGBQUAD table[256];
                if (1 == nchannels)
                {
                    for(int i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
                    {
                        table[i].rgbBlue = (unsigned char)i;
                        table[i].rgbGreen = (unsigned char)i;
                        table[i].rgbRed = (unsigned char)i;
                    }
                    if (!::SetDIBColorTable(window.dc, 0, 255, table))
                        break;
                }

                // The image copied to the clipboard will be in its original size, regardless if the window itself was resized.

                // Render the image to the dc/bitmap (at original size).
                if (!::BitBlt(memDC, 0, 0, size.cx, size.cy, window.dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY))
                    break;

                // Finally, set bitmap to clipboard
                ::SetClipboardData(CF_BITMAP, memBM);
            } while (0,0); // (0,0) instead of (0) to avoid MSVC compiler warning C4127: "conditional expression is constant"

            //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            // if handle is allocated (i.e. != 0) then clean-up.
            if (memBM) ::DeleteObject(memBM);
            if (memDC) ::DeleteDC(memDC);
            if (hDC)   ::ReleaseDC(hwnd, hDC);
            ::CloseClipboard();
            break;
        }

    case WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGING:
        {
            LPWINDOWPOS pos = (LPWINDOWPOS)lParam;
            RECT rect = icvCalcWindowRect(window);
            pos->x = rect.left;
            pos->y = rect.top;
            pos->cx = rect.right - rect.left;
            pos->cy = rect.bottom - rect.top;
        }
        break;

    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
    case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
    case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
    case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
    case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK:
    case WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK:
    case WM_LBUTTONUP:
    case WM_RBUTTONUP:
    case WM_MBUTTONUP:
    case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
        if (window.on_mouse)
        {
            POINT pt;

            int flags = (wParam & MK_LBUTTON ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON : 0)|
                        (wParam & MK_RBUTTON ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_RBUTTON : 0)|
                        (wParam & MK_MBUTTON ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_MBUTTON : 0)|
                        (wParam & MK_CONTROL ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_CTRLKEY : 0)|
                        (wParam & MK_SHIFT ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_SHIFTKEY : 0)|
                        (GetKeyState(VK_MENU) < 0 ? CV_EVENT_FLAG_ALTKEY : 0);
            int event = uMsg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN ? CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN :
                        uMsg == WM_RBUTTONDOWN ? CV_EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN :
                        uMsg == WM_MBUTTONDOWN ? CV_EVENT_MBUTTONDOWN :
                        uMsg == WM_LBUTTONUP ? CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP :
                        uMsg == WM_RBUTTONUP ? CV_EVENT_RBUTTONUP :
                        uMsg == WM_MBUTTONUP ? CV_EVENT_MBUTTONUP :
                        uMsg == WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK ? CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDBLCLK :
                        uMsg == WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK ? CV_EVENT_RBUTTONDBLCLK :
                        uMsg == WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK ? CV_EVENT_MBUTTONDBLCLK :
                                                   CV_EVENT_MOUSEMOVE;
            if (uMsg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN || uMsg == WM_RBUTTONDOWN || uMsg == WM_MBUTTONDOWN)
                SetCapture(hwnd);
            if (uMsg == WM_LBUTTONUP || uMsg == WM_RBUTTONUP || uMsg == WM_MBUTTONUP)
                ReleaseCapture();

            pt.x = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);
            pt.y = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);

            if (window.flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
            {
                // As user can't change window size, do not scale window coordinates. Underlying windowing system
                // may prevent full window from being displayed and in this case coordinates should not be scaled.
                window.on_mouse(event, pt.x, pt.y, flags, window.on_mouse_param);
            } else {
                // Full window is displayed using different size. Scale coordinates to match underlying positions.
                RECT rect = { 0 };
                SIZE size = {0, 0};

                GetClientRect(window.hwnd, &rect);

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
                if (window.useGl)
                {
                    cv::ogl::Texture2D* texObj = static_cast<cv::ogl::Texture2D*>(window.glDrawData);
                    size.cx = texObj->cols();
                    size.cy = texObj->rows();
                }
                else
                {
                    icvGetBitmapData(window, size);
                }
#else
                icvGetBitmapData(window, size);
#endif

                int x = cvRound((float)pt.x*size.cx/MAX(rect.right - rect.left,1));
                int y = cvRound((float)pt.y*size.cy/MAX(rect.bottom - rect.top,1));
                window.on_mouse(event, x, y, flags, window.on_mouse_param);
            }
        }
        break;

    case WM_PAINT:
        if (window.image != 0)
        {
            int nchannels = 3;
            SIZE size = {0,0};
            PAINTSTRUCT paint;
            HDC hdc;
            RGBQUAD table[256];

            // Determine the bitmap's dimensions
            void* data = 0;  // unused
            icvGetBitmapData(window, size, nchannels, data);

            hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &paint);
            SetStretchBltMode(hdc, COLORONCOLOR);

            if (nchannels == 1)
            {
                int i;
                for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
                {
                    table[i].rgbBlue = (unsigned char)i;
                    table[i].rgbGreen = (unsigned char)i;
                    table[i].rgbRed = (unsigned char)i;
                }
                SetDIBColorTable(window.dc, 0, 255, table);
            }

            if (window.flags & CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
            {
                BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, size.cx, size.cy, window.dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
            }
            else
            {
                RECT rect = { 0 };
                GetClientRect(window.hwnd, &rect);
                StretchBlt(hdc, 0, 0, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top,
                            window.dc, 0, 0, size.cx, size.cy, SRCCOPY);
            }
            //DeleteDC(hdc);
            EndPaint(hwnd, &paint);
        }
#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
        else if (window.useGl)
        {
            drawGl(window);
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        }
#endif
        else
        {
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        }
        return 0;

    case WM_ERASEBKGND:
        if (window.image)
            return 0;
        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:

        icvRemoveWindow(window_);
        // Do nothing!!!
        //PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;

    case WM_SETCURSOR:
        SetCursor((HCURSOR)icvGetClassLongPtr(hwnd, CV_HCURSOR));
        return 0;

    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        window.last_key = (int)wParam;
        return 0;

    case WM_SIZE:
        window.width = LOWORD(lParam);
        window.height = HIWORD(lParam);

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
        if (window.useGl)
            resizeGl(window);
#endif
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}


static LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    LRESULT ret;

    if (hg_on_preprocess)
    {
        int was_processed = 0;
        int rethg = hg_on_preprocess(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam, &was_processed);
        if (was_processed)
            return rethg;
    }
    ret = HighGUIProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

    if (hg_on_postprocess)
    {
        int was_processed = 0;
        int rethg = hg_on_postprocess(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam, &was_processed);
        if (was_processed)
            return rethg;
    }

    return ret;
}


static void icvUpdateTrackbar(CvTrackbar& trackbar, int pos)
{
    const int max_name_len = 10;
    const char* suffix = "";
    char pos_text[32];
    int name_len;

    if (trackbar.data)
        *trackbar.data = pos;

    if (trackbar.pos != pos)
    {
        trackbar.pos = pos;
        if (trackbar.onChangeCallback)
            trackbar.onChangeCallback(pos, trackbar.userdata);
        if (trackbar.notify2)
            trackbar.notify2(pos, trackbar.userdata);
        if (trackbar.notify)
            trackbar.notify(pos);

        name_len = (int)trackbar.name.size();

        // TODO replace C strings manipulation
        if (name_len > max_name_len)
        {
            int start_len = max_name_len*2/3;
            int end_len = max_name_len - start_len - 2;
            memcpy(pos_text, trackbar.name.c_str(), start_len);
            memcpy(pos_text + start_len, "...", 3);
            memcpy(pos_text + start_len + 3, trackbar.name.c_str() + name_len - end_len, end_len + 1);
        }
        else
        {
            memcpy(pos_text, trackbar.name.c_str(), name_len + 1);
        }

        snprintf(pos_text + strlen(pos_text), sizeof(pos_text) - strlen(pos_text), "%s: %d\n", suffix, pos);
        SetWindowText(trackbar.buddy, pos_text);
    }
}


static LRESULT CALLBACK HGToolbarProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    auto window_ = icvWindowByHWND(hwnd);
    if (!window_)
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

    CvWindow& window = *window_;

    // Control messages processing
    switch(uMsg)
    {
    // Slider processing
    case WM_HSCROLL:
        {
            HWND slider = (HWND)lParam;
            int pos = (int)SendMessage(slider, TBM_GETPOS, 0, 0);
            auto trackbar = icvTrackbarByHWND(slider);

            if (trackbar)
            {
                if (trackbar->pos != pos)
                    icvUpdateTrackbar(*trackbar, pos);
            }

            SetFocus(window.hwnd);
            return 0;
        }

    case WM_NCCALCSIZE:
        {
            LRESULT ret = CallWindowProc(window.toolbar.toolBarProc, hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

            auto& trakbars = window.toolbar.trackbars;

            for (auto it = trakbars.begin(); it != trakbars.end(); ++it)
            {
                auto trackbar = *it;
                CV_Assert(trackbar);
                RECT rect = { 0 };
                SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_GETITEMRECT,
                           (WPARAM)trackbar->id, (LPARAM)&rect);
                MoveWindow(trackbar->hwnd, rect.left + HG_BUDDY_WIDTH, rect.top,
                           rect.right - rect.left - HG_BUDDY_WIDTH,
                           rect.bottom - rect.top, FALSE);
                MoveWindow(trackbar->buddy, rect.left, rect.top,
                           HG_BUDDY_WIDTH, rect.bottom - rect.top, FALSE);
            }
            window.toolbar.rows = static_cast<int>(SendMessage(hwnd, TB_GETROWS, 0, 0));
            return ret;
        }
    }

    return CallWindowProc(window.toolbar.toolBarProc, hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}


CV_IMPL void
cvDestroyAllWindows(void)
{
    std::vector< std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> > g_windows;
    {
        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
        g_windows = getWindowsList();  // copy
    }
    for (auto it = g_windows.begin(); it != g_windows.end(); ++it)
    {
        auto window_ = *it;
        if (!window_)
            continue;

        {
            CvWindow& window = *window_;

            HWND mainhWnd = window.frame;
            HWND hwnd = window.hwnd;

            SendMessage(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
            SendMessage(mainhWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
        }

        window_.reset();
    }
    // TODO needed?
    {
        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
        getWindowsList().clear();
    }
}

static void showSaveDialog(CvWindow& window)
{
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_IMGCODECS
    if (!window.image)
        return;

    SIZE sz;
    int channels;
    void* data;
    if (!icvGetBitmapData(window, sz, channels, data))
        return; // nothing to save

    char szFileName[MAX_PATH] = "";
    // try to use window title as file name
    GetWindowText(window.frame, szFileName, MAX_PATH);

    OPENFILENAME ofn;
    ZeroMemory(&ofn, sizeof(ofn));
#ifdef OPENFILENAME_SIZE_VERSION_400
    // we are not going to use new fields any way
    ofn.lStructSize = OPENFILENAME_SIZE_VERSION_400;
#else
    ofn.lStructSize = sizeof(ofn);
#endif
    ofn.hwndOwner = window.hwnd;
    ofn.lpstrFilter =
#if defined(HAVE_PNG) || defined(HAVE_SPNG)
                      "Portable Network Graphics files (*.png)\0*.png\0"
#endif
                      "Windows bitmap (*.bmp;*.dib)\0*.bmp;*.dib\0"
#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
                      "JPEG files (*.jpeg;*.jpg;*.jpe)\0*.jpeg;*.jpg;*.jpe\0"
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_TIFF
                      "TIFF Files (*.tiff;*.tif)\0*.tiff;*.tif\0"
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_JASPER
                      "JPEG-2000 files (*.jp2)\0*.jp2\0"
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WEBP
                      "WebP files (*.webp)\0*.webp\0"
#endif
                      "Portable image format (*.pbm;*.pgm;*.ppm;*.pxm;*.pnm)\0*.pbm;*.pgm;*.ppm;*.pxm;*.pnm\0"
#ifdef HAVE_OPENEXR
                      "OpenEXR Image files (*.exr)\0*.exr\0"
#endif
                      "Radiance HDR (*.hdr;*.pic)\0*.hdr;*.pic\0"
                      "Sun raster files (*.sr;*.ras)\0*.sr;*.ras\0"
                      "All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0";
    ofn.lpstrFile = szFileName;
    ofn.nMaxFile = MAX_PATH;
    ofn.Flags = OFN_EXPLORER | OFN_PATHMUSTEXIST | OFN_OVERWRITEPROMPT | OFN_NOREADONLYRETURN | OFN_NOCHANGEDIR;
#if defined(HAVE_PNG) || defined(HAVE_SPNG)
    ofn.lpstrDefExt = "png";
#else
    ofn.lpstrDefExt = "bmp";
#endif

    if (GetSaveFileName(&ofn))
    {
        cv::Mat tmp;
        cv::flip(cv::Mat(sz.cy, sz.cx, CV_8UC(channels), data, (sz.cx * channels + 3) & -4), tmp, 0);
        cv::imwrite(szFileName, tmp);
    }
#else
    CV_UNUSED(window);
    CV_LOG_WARNING("Save dialog requires enabled 'imgcodecs' module.");
    return;
#endif
}

/*
 * message received. check if it belongs to our windows (frame, hwnd).
 * returns true (and value in keyCode) if a key was pressed.
 * otherwise returns false (indication to continue event loop).
 */
static bool handleMessage(MSG& message, int& keyCode)
{
    std::shared_ptr<CvWindow> window_;
    {
        AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
        window_ = icvFindWindowByHandle(message.hwnd);
    }
    if (window_)
    {
        CvWindow& window = *window_;

        switch (message.message)
        {
            case WM_DESTROY:
                // fallthru
            case WM_CHAR:
                DispatchMessage(&message);
                keyCode = (int)message.wParam;
                return true;

            case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
                if (message.wParam == VK_F10)
                {
                    keyCode = (int)(message.wParam << 16);
                    return true;
                }
                break;

            case WM_KEYDOWN:
                // Intercept Ctrl+C for copy to clipboard
                if ('C' == message.wParam && (::GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) >> 15))
                {
                    ::SendMessage(message.hwnd, WM_COPY, 0, 0);
                    return false;
                }

                // Intercept Ctrl+S for "save as" dialog
                if ('S' == message.wParam && (::GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) >> 15))
                {
                    showSaveDialog(window);
                    return false;
                }

                TranslateMessage(&message);
                if ((message.wParam >= VK_F1 && message.wParam <= VK_F24)      ||
                    message.wParam == VK_HOME   || message.wParam == VK_END    ||
                    message.wParam == VK_UP     || message.wParam == VK_DOWN   ||
                    message.wParam == VK_LEFT   || message.wParam == VK_RIGHT  ||
                    message.wParam == VK_INSERT || message.wParam == VK_DELETE ||
                    message.wParam == VK_PRIOR  || message.wParam == VK_NEXT)
                {
                    DispatchMessage(&message);
                    keyCode = (int)(message.wParam << 16);
                    return true;
                }

                // fallthru

            default:
                DispatchMessage(&message);
                break;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        TranslateMessage(&message);
        DispatchMessage(&message);
    }

    return false; // no keyCode to return, keep processing
}

/*
 * process until queue is empty but don't wait.
 */
int pollKey_W32()
{
    CV_TRACE_FUNCTION();
    for(;;)
    {
        MSG message;
        if (PeekMessage(&message, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) == FALSE)
            return -1;

        int keyCode = -1;
        if (handleMessage(message, keyCode))
            return keyCode;
    }
}

CV_IMPL int
cvWaitKey(int delay)
{
    int64 time0 = cv::getTickCount();
    int64 timeEnd = time0 + (int64)(delay * 0.001f * cv::getTickFrequency());

    for(;;)
    {
        MSG message;

        if ((delay <= 0) && !getWindowsList().empty())
            GetMessage(&message, 0, 0, 0);
        else if (PeekMessage(&message, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) == FALSE)
        {
            int64 t = cv::getTickCount();
            if (t - timeEnd >= 0)
                return -1;  // no messages and no more time
            Sleep(1);
            continue;
        }

        int keyCode = -1;
        if (handleMessage(message, keyCode))
            return keyCode;
    }
}


static
std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar> icvFindTrackbarByName(CvWindow& window, const std::string& name)
{
    auto trackbars = window.toolbar.trackbars;
    for (auto it = trackbars.begin(); it != trackbars.end(); ++it)
    {
        auto& trackbar = *it;
        CV_Assert(trackbar);
        if (trackbar->name == name)
            return trackbar;
    }
    return std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar>();
}

static
std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar> createTrackbar_(CvWindow& window, const std::string& trackbar_name,
    int count,
    TrackbarCallback onChange, void* userdata);

static int
icvCreateTrackbar(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name,
                  int* val, int count, CvTrackbarCallback on_notify,
                  CvTrackbarCallback2 on_notify2, void* userdata)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("icvCreateTrackbar");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (!window_name || !trackbar_name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window or trackbar name");

    if (count < 0)
        CV_Error(Error::StsOutOfRange, "Bad trackbar maximal value");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(window_name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", window_name));

    auto trackbar = icvFindTrackbarByName(*window, trackbar_name);
    if (!trackbar)
        trackbar = createTrackbar_(*window, trackbar_name, count, nullptr, userdata);
    CV_Assert(trackbar);

    trackbar->notify = on_notify;
    trackbar->notify2 = on_notify2;
    trackbar->userdata = userdata;
    trackbar->data = val;

    return 1;
}

static void createToolbar_(CvWindow& window)
{
    CV_Assert(!window.toolbar.toolbar);

    const int default_height = 30;

    // CreateToolbarEx is deprecated and forces linking against Comctl32.lib.
    window.toolbar.toolbar = CreateWindowEx(0, TOOLBARCLASSNAME, NULL,
                                WS_CHILD | CCS_TOP | TBSTYLE_WRAPABLE | BTNS_AUTOSIZE | BTNS_BUTTON,
                                0, 0, 0, 0,
                                window.frame, NULL, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL);
    // CreateToolbarEx automatically sends this but CreateWindowEx doesn't.
    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_BUTTONSTRUCTSIZE, (WPARAM)sizeof(TBBUTTON), 0);

    RECT rect;
    GetClientRect(window.frame, &rect);
    MoveWindow(window.toolbar.toolbar, 0, 0,
               rect.right - rect.left, default_height, TRUE);
    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_AUTOSIZE, 0, 0);
    ShowWindow(window.toolbar.toolbar, SW_SHOW);

    window.toolbar.pos = 0;
    window.toolbar.rows = 0;
    window.toolbar.toolBarProc =
        (WNDPROC)icvGetWindowLongPtr(window.toolbar.toolbar, CV_WNDPROC);

    icvUpdateWindowPos(window);

    // Subclassing from toolbar
    icvSetWindowLongPtr(window.toolbar.toolbar, CV_WNDPROC, HGToolbarProc);
    icvSetWindowLongPtr(window.toolbar.toolbar, CV_USERDATA, (void*)&window);

}

static
std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar> createTrackbar_(CvWindow& window, const std::string& trackbar_name,
    int count,
    TrackbarCallback onChange, void* userdata)
{
    // create toolbar if it is not created yet
    if (!window.toolbar.toolbar)
    {
        createToolbar_(window);
    }

    TBBUTTON tbs = {};

    /* Retrieve current buttons count */
    int bcount = (int)SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_BUTTONCOUNT, 0, 0);

    /* Add a button which we're going to cover with the slider */
    tbs.iBitmap = 0;
    tbs.idCommand = bcount; // Set button id to it's number
    tbs.fsState = TBSTATE_ENABLED;
#if 0/*!defined WIN64 && !defined EM64T*/
    tbs.fsStyle = 0;
    tbs.iString = 0;
#else

#ifndef TBSTYLE_AUTOSIZE
#define TBSTYLE_AUTOSIZE        0x0010
#endif

#ifndef TBSTYLE_GROUP
#define TBSTYLE_GROUP           0x0004
#endif
    //tbs.fsStyle = TBSTYLE_AUTOSIZE;
    tbs.fsStyle = TBSTYLE_GROUP;
    tbs.iString = (INT_PTR)trackbar_text;
#endif
    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_ADDBUTTONS, 1, (LPARAM)&tbs);

    TBBUTTONINFO tbis = {};

    /* Adjust button size to the slider */
    tbis.cbSize = sizeof(tbis);
    tbis.dwMask = TBIF_SIZE;

    RECT rect = { 0 };
    GetClientRect(window.toolbar.toolbar, &rect);
    tbis.cx = (unsigned short)(rect.right - rect.left);

    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_SETBUTTONINFO,
        (WPARAM)tbs.idCommand, (LPARAM)&tbis);

    /* Get button pos */
    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_GETITEMRECT,
        (WPARAM)tbs.idCommand, (LPARAM)&rect);

    /* Create a slider */
    auto trackbar = std::make_shared<CvTrackbar>(window, trackbar_name);
    trackbar->id = tbs.idCommand;
    window.toolbar.trackbars.push_back(trackbar);

    auto slider_name = cv::format("Trackbar%p", trackbar.get());
    trackbar->hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0, TRACKBAR_CLASS, slider_name.c_str(),
                        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | TBS_AUTOTICKS |
                        TBS_FIXEDLENGTH | TBS_HORZ | TBS_BOTTOM,
                        rect.left + HG_BUDDY_WIDTH, rect.top,
                        rect.right - rect.left - HG_BUDDY_WIDTH,
                        rect.bottom - rect.top, window.toolbar.toolbar,
                        (HMENU)(size_t)bcount, hg_hinstance, 0);

    slider_name = cv::format("Buddy%p", trackbar.get());
    trackbar->buddy = CreateWindowEx(0, "STATIC", slider_name.c_str(),
                        WS_CHILD | SS_RIGHT,
                        rect.left, rect.top,
                        HG_BUDDY_WIDTH, rect.bottom - rect.top,
                        window.toolbar.toolbar, 0, hg_hinstance, 0);

    icvSetWindowLongPtr(trackbar->hwnd, CV_USERDATA, (void*)trackbar.get());

    /* Minimize the number of rows */
    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_SETROWS,
                MAKEWPARAM(1, FALSE), (LPARAM)&rect);

    trackbar->maxval = count;

    /* Adjust slider parameters */
    SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETRANGEMIN, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)0);
    SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETRANGEMAX, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)count);
    SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETTICFREQ, (WPARAM)1, (LPARAM)0);

    int pos = 0;
    SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETPOS, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)pos);
    SendMessage(window.toolbar.toolbar, TB_AUTOSIZE, 0, 0);

    trackbar->pos = -1;
    icvUpdateTrackbar(*trackbar, pos);
    ShowWindow(trackbar->buddy, SW_SHOW);
    ShowWindow(trackbar->hwnd, SW_SHOW);

    /* Resize the window to reflect the toolbar resizing*/
    icvUpdateWindowPos(window);

    trackbar->onChangeCallback = onChange;
    trackbar->userdata = userdata;

    return trackbar;
}

CV_IMPL int
cvCreateTrackbar(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name,
                 int* val, int count, CvTrackbarCallback on_notify)
{
    return icvCreateTrackbar(trackbar_name, window_name, val, count,
        on_notify, 0, 0);
}

CV_IMPL int
cvCreateTrackbar2(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name,
                  int* val, int count, CvTrackbarCallback2 on_notify2,
                  void* userdata)
{
    return icvCreateTrackbar(trackbar_name, window_name, val, count,
        0, on_notify2, userdata);
}

CV_IMPL void
cvSetMouseCallback(const char* name, CvMouseCallback on_mouse, void* param)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetMouseCallback");

    if (!name)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window name");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", name));

    window->on_mouse = on_mouse;
    window->on_mouse_param = param;
}


CV_IMPL int cvGetTrackbarPos(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetTrackbarPos");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (trackbar_name == 0 || window_name == 0)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL trackbar or window name");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(window_name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", window_name));

    auto trackbar = icvFindTrackbarByName(*window, trackbar_name);
    if (!trackbar)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL trackbar: '%s'", trackbar_name));

    return trackbar->pos;
}


CV_IMPL void cvSetTrackbarPos(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name, int pos)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetTrackbarPos");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (trackbar_name == 0 || window_name == 0)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL trackbar or window name");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(window_name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", window_name));

    auto trackbar = icvFindTrackbarByName(*window, trackbar_name);
    if (!trackbar)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL trackbar: '%s'", trackbar_name));

    {
        if (pos < 0)
            pos = 0;

        if (pos > trackbar->maxval)
            pos = trackbar->maxval;

        SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETPOS, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)pos);
        icvUpdateTrackbar(*trackbar, pos);
    }
}


CV_IMPL void cvSetTrackbarMax(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name, int maxval)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetTrackbarMax");

    if (trackbar_name == 0 || window_name == 0)
    {
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL trackbar or window name");
    }

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(window_name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", window_name));

    auto trackbar = icvFindTrackbarByName(*window, trackbar_name);
    if (!trackbar)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL trackbar: '%s'", trackbar_name));

    // FIXIT
    if (maxval >= 0)
    {
        // The position will be min(pos, maxval).
        trackbar->maxval = (trackbar->minval>maxval)?trackbar->minval:maxval;
        SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETRANGEMAX, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)maxval);
    }
}


CV_IMPL void cvSetTrackbarMin(const char* trackbar_name, const char* window_name, int minval)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvSetTrackbarMin");

    if (trackbar_name == 0 || window_name == 0)
    {
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL trackbar or window name");
    }

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(window_name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", window_name));

    auto trackbar = icvFindTrackbarByName(*window, trackbar_name);
    if (!trackbar)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL trackbar: '%s'", trackbar_name));

    // FIXIT
    if (minval >= 0)
    {
        // The position will be min(pos, maxval).
        trackbar->minval = (minval<trackbar->maxval)?minval:trackbar->maxval;
        SendMessage(trackbar->hwnd, TBM_SETRANGEMIN, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)minval);
    }
}


CV_IMPL void* cvGetWindowHandle(const char* window_name)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetWindowHandle");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (window_name == 0)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window name");

    auto window = icvFindWindowByName(window_name);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%s'", window_name));

    return (void*)window->hwnd;
}

// FIXIT: result is not safe to use
CV_IMPL const char* cvGetWindowName(void* window_handle)
{
    CV_FUNCNAME("cvGetWindowName");

    AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());

    if (window_handle == 0)
        CV_Error(Error::StsNullPtr, "NULL window handle");

    auto window = icvWindowByHWND((HWND)window_handle);
    if (!window)
        CV_Error_(Error::StsNullPtr, ("NULL window: '%p'", window_handle));

    return window->name.c_str();
}


CV_IMPL void
cvSetPreprocessFuncWin32_(const void* callback)
{
    hg_on_preprocess = (CvWin32WindowCallback)callback;
}

CV_IMPL void
cvSetPostprocessFuncWin32_(const void* callback)
{
    hg_on_postprocess = (CvWin32WindowCallback)callback;
}



namespace cv { namespace impl {

using namespace cv::highgui_backend;

class Win32UITrackbar;

class Win32UIWindow
        : public UIWindow
        , public std::enable_shared_from_this<Win32UIWindow>
{
protected:
    const std::string name_;
    std::weak_ptr<CvWindow> window_;
    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Win32UITrackbar> > trackbars_;
public:
    Win32UIWindow(const std::string& name, const std::shared_ptr<CvWindow>& window)
        : name_(name)
        , window_(window)
    {
        // nothing
    }

    ~Win32UIWindow() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        if (!window_.expired())
            destroy();
        CV_LOG_DEBUG(NULL, "OpenCV/UI/Win32UI: Win32UIWindow(" << name_ << ") is disposed");
    }

    const std::string& getID() const CV_OVERRIDE { return name_; }

    bool isActive() const CV_OVERRIDE { return !window_.expired(); }

    void destroy() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        cv::AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
        if (!window_.expired())
        {
            auto window = window_.lock();
            if (window)
                window->destroy();
            window_.reset();
        }
    }

    void imshow(InputArray image) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        Mat image_mat = image.getMat();
        showImage_(window, image_mat);
    }

    double getProperty(int prop) const CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        // see cvGetWindowProperty
        switch ((WindowPropertyFlags)prop)
        {
        case WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN:
            return (double)window.status;

        case WND_PROP_AUTOSIZE:
            return (window.flags & WINDOW_AUTOSIZE) ? 1.0 : 0.0;

        case WND_PROP_ASPECT_RATIO:
            return static_cast<double>(window.width) / window.height;

#ifdef HAVE_OPENGL
        case WND_PROP_OPENGL:
            return window.useGl ? 1.0 : 0.0;
#endif

        case WND_PROP_VISIBLE:
            return 1.0;

        case WND_PROP_TOPMOST:
            return getPropTopmost_(window);

        case WND_PROP_VSYNC:
            return getPropVsync_(window);

        // don't use default, add unsupported cases below:
        // case WND_PROP_UNSUPPORTED:  // fallthru
        //    break;
        }
        return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
    }

    bool setProperty(int prop, double value) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        // see cvSetWindowProperty
        switch ((WindowPropertyFlags)prop)
        {
        case WND_PROP_FULLSCREEN:
            if (value != WINDOW_NORMAL && value != WINDOW_FULLSCREEN)  // bad arg
                break;
            setModeWindow_(window, (int)value);
            return true;

        case WND_PROP_TOPMOST:
            return setPropTopmost_(window, value != 0.0);

        case WND_PROP_VSYNC:
            return setPropVsync_(window, value != 0.0);

        // don't use default, add unsupported cases below:
        // case WND_PROP_UNSUPPORTED:  // fallthru
        case WND_PROP_AUTOSIZE:  // fallthru
        case WND_PROP_ASPECT_RATIO:  // fallthru
        case WND_PROP_OPENGL:  // fallthru
        case WND_PROP_VISIBLE:  // fallthru
            break;
        }
        return false;
    }

    void resize(int width, int height) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        resizeWindow_(window, Size(width, height));
    }

    void move(int x, int y) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        moveWindow_(window, Point(x, y));
    }

    Rect getImageRect() const CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        return getImageRect_(window);
    }

    void setTitle(const std::string& title) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        if (!SetWindowText(window.frame, title.c_str()))
            CV_Error_(Error::StsError, ("Failed to set \"%s\" window title to \"%s\"", window.name.c_str(), title.c_str()));
    }

    void setMouseCallback(MouseCallback onMouse, void* userdata /*= 0*/) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        window.on_mouse = onMouse;
        window.on_mouse_param = userdata;
    }

    std::shared_ptr<UITrackbar> createTrackbar(
        const std::string& name,
        int count,
        TrackbarCallback onChange /*= 0*/,
        void* userdata /*= 0*/
    ) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto window_ptr = window_.lock();
        CV_Assert(window_ptr);
        CvWindow& window = *window_ptr;
        CV_LOG_INFO(NULL, "OpenCV/UI: Creating Win32UI trackbar at '" << name_ << "': '" << name << "'");
        auto trackbar = createTrackbar_(window, name, count, onChange, userdata);
        auto ui_trackbar = std::make_shared<Win32UITrackbar>(name, trackbar, shared_from_this());
        {
            cv::AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
            trackbars_.emplace(name, ui_trackbar);
        }
        return std::static_pointer_cast<UITrackbar>(ui_trackbar);
    }

    std::shared_ptr<UITrackbar> findTrackbar(const std::string& name) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        cv::AutoLock lock(getWindowMutex());
        auto i = trackbars_.find(name);
        if (i != trackbars_.end())
        {
            return std::static_pointer_cast<UITrackbar>(i->second);
        }
        return std::shared_ptr<UITrackbar>();
    }
};  // Win32UIWindow


class Win32UITrackbar : public UITrackbar
{
protected:
    /*const*/ std::string name_;
    std::weak_ptr<CvTrackbar> trackbar_;
    std::weak_ptr<Win32UIWindow> parent_;
    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Win32UITrackbar> > trackbars_;
public:
    Win32UITrackbar(const std::string& name, const std::shared_ptr<CvTrackbar>& trackbar, const std::shared_ptr<Win32UIWindow>& parent)
        : trackbar_(trackbar)
        , parent_(parent)
    {
        name_ = std::string("<") + name + ">@" + parent->getID();
    }

    ~Win32UITrackbar() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        if (!trackbar_.expired())
            destroy();
        CV_LOG_DEBUG(NULL, "OpenCV/UI/Win32UI: Win32UITrackbar(" << name_ << ") is disposed");
    }

    const std::string& getID() const CV_OVERRIDE { return name_; }

    bool isActive() const CV_OVERRIDE { return !trackbar_.expired(); }

    void destroy() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        // nothing (destroyed with parent window, dedicated trackbar removal is not supported)
    }

    int getPos() const CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto trackbar_ptr = trackbar_.lock();
        CV_Assert(trackbar_ptr);
        CvTrackbar& trackbar = *trackbar_ptr;
        return trackbar.pos;
    }
    void setPos(int pos) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto trackbar_ptr = trackbar_.lock();
        CV_Assert(trackbar_ptr);
        CvTrackbar& trackbar = *trackbar_ptr;
        SendMessage(trackbar.hwnd, TBM_SETPOS, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)pos);
        icvUpdateTrackbar(trackbar, pos);
    }

    cv::Range getRange() const CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto trackbar_ptr = trackbar_.lock();
        CV_Assert(trackbar_ptr);
        CvTrackbar& trackbar = *trackbar_ptr;
        return cv::Range(trackbar.minval, trackbar.maxval);
    }

    void setRange(const cv::Range& range) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        auto trackbar_ptr = trackbar_.lock();
        CV_Assert(trackbar_ptr);
        CvTrackbar& trackbar = *trackbar_ptr;
        CV_CheckLE(range.start, range.end, "Invalid trackbar range");
        trackbar.minval = range.start;
        trackbar.maxval = range.end;
        SendMessage(trackbar.hwnd, TBM_SETRANGEMIN, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)trackbar.minval);
        SendMessage(trackbar.hwnd, TBM_SETRANGEMAX, (WPARAM)TRUE, (LPARAM)trackbar.maxval);
    }
};  // Win32UITrackbar


class Win32BackendUI : public UIBackend
{
public:
    ~Win32BackendUI() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        destroyAllWindows();
    }

    void destroyAllWindows() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        cvDestroyAllWindows();
    }

    // namedWindow
    virtual std::shared_ptr<UIWindow> createWindow(
        const std::string& winname,
        int flags
    ) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        CV_LOG_INFO(NULL, "OpenCV/UI: Creating Win32UI window: " << winname << " (" << flags << ")");
        auto window = namedWindow_(winname, flags);
        auto ui_window = std::make_shared<Win32UIWindow>(winname, window);
        return ui_window;
    }

    int waitKeyEx(int delay) CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        return cvWaitKey(delay);
    }
    int pollKey() CV_OVERRIDE
    {
        return pollKey_W32();
    }
};  // Win32BackendUI

static
std::shared_ptr<Win32BackendUI>& getInstance()
{
    static std::shared_ptr<Win32BackendUI> g_instance = std::make_shared<Win32BackendUI>();
    return g_instance;
}

} // namespace impl

#ifndef BUILD_PLUGIN
namespace highgui_backend {

std::shared_ptr<UIBackend> createUIBackendWin32UI()
{
    return impl::getInstance();
}

}  // namespace highgui_backend
#endif

}  // namespace


#ifdef BUILD_PLUGIN

#define ABI_VERSION 0
#define API_VERSION 0
#include "plugin_api.hpp"

static
CvResult cv_getInstance(CV_OUT CvPluginUIBackend* handle) CV_NOEXCEPT
{
    try
    {
        if (!handle)
            return CV_ERROR_FAIL;
        *handle = cv::impl::getInstance().get();
        return CV_ERROR_OK;
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        return CV_ERROR_FAIL;
    }
}

static const OpenCV_UI_Plugin_API plugin_api =
{
    {
        sizeof(OpenCV_UI_Plugin_API), ABI_VERSION, API_VERSION,
        CV_VERSION_MAJOR, CV_VERSION_MINOR, CV_VERSION_REVISION, CV_VERSION_STATUS,
        "Win32 OpenCV UI plugin"
    },
    {
        /*  1*/cv_getInstance
    }
};

const OpenCV_UI_Plugin_API* CV_API_CALL opencv_ui_plugin_init_v0(int requested_abi_version, int requested_api_version, void* /*reserved=NULL*/) CV_NOEXCEPT
{
    if (requested_abi_version == ABI_VERSION && requested_api_version <= API_VERSION)
        return &plugin_api;
    return NULL;
}

#endif  // BUILD_PLUGIN

#endif  // HAVE_WIN32UI