[GSoC] Update octree methods and create frames for PCC #23985
## PR for GSoC Point Cloud Compression
[Issue for GSoC 2023](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23624)
* We are **updating the Octree method create() by using OctreeKey**: Through voxelization, directly calculate the leaf nodes that the point cloud belongs to, and omit the judgment whether the point cloud is in the range when inserted. The index of the child node is calculated by bit operation.
* We are also **introducing a new header file pcc.h (Point Cloud Compression) with API framework**.
* We added tests for restoring point clouds from an octree.
* Currently, the features related to octree creation and point cloud compression are part of the internal API, which means they are not directly accessible to users. However, our plan for the future is to **include only the 'PointCloudCompression' class in the 'opencv2/3d.hpp' header file**. This will provide an interface for utilizing the point cloud compression functionality.
The previous PR of this was closed due to repo name conflicts, therefore we resubmitted in this PR.
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
Triangle rasterization function #24459#24065 reopened since the previous one was automatically closed after rebase
Connected PR with ground truth data: [#1113@extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1113)
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
PLY mesh support #24961
**Warning:** The PR changes exising API.
Fixes#24960
Connected PR: [#1145@extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1145)
### Changes
* Adds faces loading from and saving to PLY files
* Fixes incorrect PLY loading (see issue)
* Adds per-vertex color loading / saving
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
Merge usac to 5.x #24005
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
Base branch is PR #23979. Merging PR #23078, 23900 and PR #23806 to 5.x
GSoC: Modified PLY reader to support color attribute read/write #23805
* Modified PLY reader to support color attribute read/write
* Fix bugs & Modified OBJ reader for color IO
* Replace with correct test file
* Fix I/O of property [w] in OBJ files
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
**Merged with https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1075**
[Issue for GSoC 2023](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23624)
The ply loader in 3D module doesn't support color attribute reading. I modified that to support color attribute reading & writing for the color attribute compression as described in proposal.
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
GSoC module to save and load point cloud
* Add functionality to read point cloud data from files
* address issues found on review, add tests for mesh, refactor
* enable fail-safe execution and empty arrays as output
* Some improvements for point cloud io module
Co-authored-by: Julie Bareeva <julia.bareeva@xperience.ai>
New odometry Pipeline
* first intergation
* tests run, but not pass
* add previous version of sigma calc
* add minor comment
* strange fixes
* fix fast ICP
* test changes; fast icp still not work correctly
* finaly, it works
* algtype fix
* change affine comparison
* boolean return
* fix bug with angle and cos
* test pass correctly
* fix for kinfu pipeline
* add compute points normals
* update for new odometry
* change odometry_evaluation
* odometry_evaluation works
* change debug logs
* minor changes
* change depth setting in odometryFrame
* fastICP works with 4num points
* all odometries work with 4mun points
* odometry full works on 4num points and normals
* replace ICP with DEPTH; comments replacements
* create prepareFrame; add docs for Odometry
* change getPyramids()
* delete extra code
* add intrinsics; but dont works
* bugfix with nan checking
* add gpu impl
* change createOdometryFrame func
* remove old fastICP code
* comments fix
* add comments
* minor fixes
* other minor fixes
* add channels assert
* add impl for odometry settings
* add pimpl to odometry
* linux warning fix
* linux warning fix 1
* linux warning fix 2
* linux error fix
* linux warning fix 3
* linux warning fix 4
* linux error fix 2
* fix test warnings
* python build fix
* doxygen fix
* docs fix
* change normal tests for 4channel point
* all Normal tests pass
* plane works
* add warp frame body
* minor fix
* warning fixes
* try to fix
* try to fix 1
* review fix
* lvls fix
* createOdometryFrame fix
* add comment
* const reference
* OPENCV_3D_ prefix
* const methods
* OdometryFramePyramidType ifx
* add assert
* precomp moved upper
* delete types_c
* add assert for get and set functions
* minor fixes
* remove core.hpp from header
* ocl_run add
* warning fix
* delete extra comment
* minor fix
* setDepth fix
* delete underscore
* odometry settings fix
* show debug image fix
* build error fix
* other minor fix
* add const to signatures
* fix
* conflict fix
* getter fix
Add 3D point cloud sampling functions to branch next
* Add several 3D point cloud sampling functions: Random, VoxelGrid, FarthestPoint.
* Made some code detail changes and exposed the random number generator parameters at the interface.
* Add simple tests for sampling.
* Modify interface output parameters.
* Modify interface return value.
* The sampling test is modified for the new changes of function interface.
* Improved test of VoxelGridFilterSampling
* Improved test of VoxelGridFilterSampling and FPS.
* Add test for the dist_lower_limit arguments of FPS function.
* Optimization function _getMatFromInputArray.
* Optimize the code style and some details according to the suggestions.
* Clear prefix cv: in the source code.
* Change the initialization of Mat in the sampling test.
* 1. Unified code style
2. Optimize randomSampling method
* 1. Optimize code comments.
2. Remove unused local variables.
* Rebuild the structure of the test, make the test case more reliable, and change the code style.
* Update test_sampling.cpp
Fix a warning.
Moving RGBD parts to 3d
* files moved from rgbd module in contrib repo
* header paths fixed
* perf file added
* lapack compilation fixed
* Rodrigues fixed in tests
* rgbd namespace removed
* headers fixed
* initial: rgbd files moved to 3d module
* rgbd updated from latest contrib master; less file duplication
* "std::" for sin(), cos(), etc.
* KinFu family -> back to contrib
* paths & namespaces
* removed duplicates, file version updated
* namespace kinfu removed from 3d module
* forgot to move test_colored_kinfu.cpp to contrib
* tests fixed: Params removed
* kinfu namespace removed
* it works without objc bindings
* include headers fixed
* tests: data paths fixed
* headers moved to/from public API
* Intr -> Matx33f in public API
* from kinfu_frame.hpp to utils.hpp
* submap: Intr -> Matx33f, HashTSDFVolume -> Volume; no extra headers
* no RgbdFrame class, no Mat fields & arg -> InputArray & pImpl
* get/setPyramidAt() instead of lots of methods
* Mat -> InputArray, TMat
* prepareFrameCache: refactored
* FastICPOdometry: +truncate threshold, +depthFactor; Mat/UMat choose
* Mat/UMat choose
* minor stuff related to headers
* (un)signed int warnings; compilation minor issues
* minors: submap: pyramids -> OdometryFrame; tests fix; FastICP minor; CV_EXPORTS_W for kinfu_frame.hpp
* FastICPOdometry: caching, rgbCameraMatrix
* OdometryFrame: pyramid%s% -> pyramids[]
* drop: rgbCameraMatrix from FastICP, RGB cache mode, makeColoredFrameFrom depth and all color-functions it calls
* makeFrameFromDepth, buildPyramidPointsNormals -> from public to internal utils.hpp
* minors
* FastICPOdometry: caching updated, init fields
* OdometryFrameImpl<UMat> fixed
* matrix building fixed; minors
* returning linemode back to contrib
* params.pose is Mat now
* precomp headers reorganized
* minor fixes, header paths, extra header removed
* minors: intrinsics -> utils.hpp; whitespaces; empty namespace; warning fixed
* moving declarations from/to headers
* internal headers reorganized (once again)
* fix include
* extra var fix
* fix include, fix (un)singed warning
* calibration.cpp: reverting back
* headers fix
* workaround to fix bindings
* temporary removed wrappers
* VolumeType -> VolumeParams
* (temporarily) removing wrappers for Volume and VolumeParams
* pyopencv_linemod -> contrib
* try to fix test_rgbd.py
* headers fixed
* fixing wrappers for rgbd
* fixing docs
* fixing rgbdPlane
* RgbdNormals wrapped
* wrap Volume and VolumeParams, VolumeType from enum to int
* DepthCleaner wrapped
* header folder "rgbd" -> "3d"
* fixing header path
* VolumeParams referenced by Ptr to support Python wrappers
* render...() fixed
* Ptr<VolumeParams> fixed
* makeVolume(... resolution -> [X, Y, Z])
* fixing static declaration
* try to fix ios objc bindings
* OdometryFrame::release...() removed
* fix for Odometry algos not supporting UMats: prepareFrameCache<>()
* preparePyramidMask(): fix to compile with TMat = UMat
* fixing debug guards
* removing references back; adding makeOdometryFrame() instead
* fixing OpenCL ICP hanging (some threads exit before reaching the barrier -> the rest threads hang)
* try to fix objc wrapper warnings; rerun builders
* VolumeType -> VolumeKind
* try to fix OCL bug
* prints removed
* indentation fixed
* headers fixed
* license fix
* WillowGarage licence notion removed, since it's in OpenCV's COPYRIGHT already
* KinFu license notion shortened
* debugging code removed
* include guards fixed
* KinFu license left in contrib module
* isValidDepth() moved to private header
* indentation fix
* indentation fix in src files
* RgbdNormals rewritten to pImpl
* minor
* DepthCleaner removed due to low code quality, no depthScale provided, no depth images found to be successfully filtered; can be replaced by bilateral filtering
* minors, indentation
* no "private" in public headers
* depthTo3d test moved from separate file
* Normals: setDepth() is useless, removing it
* RgbdPlane => findPlanes()
* rescaleDepth(): minor
* warpFrame: minor
* minor TODO
* all Odometries (except base abstract class) rewritten to pImpl
* FastICPOdometry now supports maxRotation and maxTranslation
* minor
* Odometry's children: now checks are done in setters
* get rid of protected members in Odometry class
* get/set cameraMatrix, transformType, maxRot/Trans, iters, minGradients -> OdometryImpl
* cameraMatrix: from double to float
* matrix exponentiation: Eigen -> dual quaternions
* Odometry evaluation fixed to reuse existing code
* "small" macro fixed by undef
* pixNorm is calculated on CPU only now (and then uploads on GPU)
* test registration: no cvtest classes
* test RgbdNormals and findPlanes(): no cvtest classes
* test_rgbd.py: minor fix
* tests for Odometry: no cvtest classes; UMat tests; logging fixed
* more CV_OVERRIDE to overriden functions
* fixing nondependent names to dependent
* more to prev commit
* forgotten fixes: overriden functions, (non)dependent names
* FastICPOdometry: fix UMat support when OpenCL is off
* try to fix compilation: missing namespaces
* Odometry: static const-mimicking functions to internal constants
* forgotten change to prev commit
* more forgotten fixes
* do not expose "submap.hpp" by default
* in-class enums: give names, CamelCase, int=>enums; minors
* namespaces, underscores, String
* std::map is used by pose graph, adding it
* compute()'s signature fixed, computeImpl()'s too
* RgbdNormals: Mat -> InputArray
* depth.hpp: Mat -> InputArray
* cameraMatrix: Matx33f -> InputArray + default value + checks
* "details" headers are not visible by default
* TSDF tests: rearranging checks
* cameraMatrix: no (realistic) default value
* renderPointsNormals*(): no wrappers for them
* debug: assert on empty frame in TSDF tests
* debugging code for TSDF GPU
* debug from integrate to raycast
* no (non-zero) default camera matrix anymore
* drop debugging code (does not help)
* try to fix TSDF GPU: constant -> global const ptr
* extended C++ version of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) solver to accommodate all features of the C counterpart.
* removed C version of LM solver
* made a few other little changes to make the code compile and run smoothly
