opencv/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/snippets/imgproc_HoughLinesCircles.cpp

#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <math.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    Mat img, gray;
    if( argc != 2 || !(img=imread(argv[1], 1)).data)
        return -1;
    cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    // smooth it, otherwise a lot of false circles may be detected
    GaussianBlur( gray, gray, Size(9, 9), 2, 2 );
    vector<Vec3f> circles;
    HoughCircles(gray, circles, HOUGH_GRADIENT,
                 2, gray.rows/4, 200, 100 );
    for( size_t i = 0; i < circles.size(); i++ )
    {
         Point center(cvRound(circles[i][0]), cvRound(circles[i][1]));
         int radius = cvRound(circles[i][2]);
         // draw the circle center
         circle( img, center, 3, Scalar(0,255,0), -1, 8, 0 );
         // draw the circle outline
         circle( img, center, radius, Scalar(0,0,255), 3, 8, 0 );
    }
    namedWindow( "circles", 1 );
    imshow( "circles", img );

    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}