Speed up ChessBoardDetector::findQuadNeighbors #24605
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Replaced brute-force algorithm with O(N^2) time complexity with kd-tree with something like O(N * log N) time complexity (maybe only in average case).
For example, on image from #23558 without quads filtering (by using `CALIB_CB_FILTER_QUADS` flag) finding chessboards corners took ~770 seconds on my laptop, of which finding quads neighbors took ~620 seconds.
Now finding chessboards corners takes ~155-160 seconds, of which finding quads neighbors takes only ~5-10 seconds.
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Fix bug in ChessBoardDetector::findQuadNeighbors #24597
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Fix typo in ChessBoardDetector::generateQuads #24595
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Replace double atomic in USAC #24499
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Reference to issue with atomic variable: #24281
Reference to bug with essential matrix: #24482
Rewrite Universal Intrinsic code: float related part #24325
The goal of this series of PRs is to modify the SIMD code blocks guarded by CV_SIMD macro: rewrite them by using the new Universal Intrinsic API.
The series of PRs is listed below:
#23885 First patch, an example
#23980 Core module
#24058 ImgProc module, part 1
#24132 ImgProc module, part 2
#24166 ImgProc module, part 3
#24301 Features2d and calib3d module
#24324 Gapi module
This patch (hopefully) is the last one in the series.
This patch mainly involves 3 parts
1. Add some modifications related to float (CV_SIMD_64F)
2. Use `#if (CV_SIMD || CV_SIMD_SCALABLE)` instead of `#if CV_SIMD || CV_SIMD_SCALABLE`,
then we can get the `CV_SIMD` module that is not enabled for `CV_SIMD_SCALABLE` by looking for `if CV_SIMD`
3. Summary of `CV_SIMD` blocks that remains unmodified: Updated comments
- Some blocks will cause test fail when enable for RVV, marked as `TODO: enable for CV_SIMD_SCALABLE, ....`
- Some blocks can not be rewrited directly. (Not commented in the source code, just listed here)
- ./modules/core/src/mathfuncs_core.simd.hpp (Vector type wrapped in class/struct)
- ./modules/imgproc/src/color_lab.cpp (Array of vector type)
- ./modules/imgproc/src/color_rgb.simd.hpp (Array of vector type)
- ./modules/imgproc/src/sumpixels.simd.hpp (fixed length algorithm, strongly ralated with `CV_SIMD_WIDTH`)
These algorithms will need to be redesigned to accommodate scalable backends.
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Rewrite Universal Intrinsic code: features2d and calib3d module. #24301
The goal of this series of PRs is to modify the SIMD code blocks guarded by CV_SIMD macro: rewrite them by using the new Universal Intrinsic API.
This is the modification to the features2d module and calib3d module.
Test with clang 16 and QEMU v7.0.0. `AP3P.ctheta1p_nan_23607` failed beacuse of a small calculation error. But this patch does not touch the relevant code, and this error always reproduce on QEMU, regardless of whether the patch is applied or not. I think we can ignore it
```
[ RUN ] AP3P.ctheta1p_nan_23607
/home/hanliutong/project/opencv/modules/calib3d/test/test_solvepnp_ransac.cpp:2319: Failure
Expected: (cvtest::norm(res.colRange(0, 2), expected, NORM_INF)) <= (3e-16), actual: 3.33067e-16 vs 3e-16
[ FAILED ] AP3P.ctheta1p_nan_23607 (26 ms)
...
[==========] 148 tests from 64 test cases ran. (1147114 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 147 tests.
[ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below:
[ FAILED ] AP3P.ctheta1p_nan_23607
```
Note: There are 2 test cases failed with GCC 13.2.1 without this patch, seems like there are someting wrong with RVV part on GCC.
```
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 148 tests from 64 test cases ran. (1511399 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 146 tests.
[ FAILED ] 2 tests, listed below:
[ FAILED ] Calib3d_StereoSGBM.regression
[ FAILED ] Calib3d_StereoSGBM_HH4.regression
```
The patch is partially auto-generated by using the [rewriter](https://github.com/hanliutong/rewriter).
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The address sanitizer highlighted this issue in our code base. It
looks like the code is currently grabbing a pointer to a temporary
object and then performing operations on it.
I printed some information right before the asan crash:
eigensolver address: 0x7f0ad95032f0
eigensolver size: 4528
eig_vecs_ ptr: 0x7f0ad95045e0
eig_vecs_ offset: 4848
This shows that `eig_vecs_` points past the end of `eigensolver`. In
other words, it points at the temporary object created by the
`eigensolver.eigenvectors()` call.
Compare the docs for `.eigenvalues()`:
https://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/classEigen_1_1EigenSolver.html#a0f507ad7ab14797882f474ca8f2773e7
to the docs for `.eigenvectors()`:
https://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/classEigen_1_1EigenSolver.html#a66288022802172e3ee059283b26201d7
The difference in return types is interesting. `.eigenvalues()`
returns a reference. But `.eigenvectors()` returns a matrix.
This patch here fixes the problem by saving the temporary object and
then grabbing a pointer into it.
This is a curated snippet of the original asan failure:
==12==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-use-after-scope on address 0x7fc633704640 at pc 0x7fc64f7f1593 bp 0x7ffe8875fc90 sp 0x7ffe8875fc88
READ of size 8 at 0x7fc633704640 thread T0
#0 0x7fc64f7f1592 in cv::usac::EssentialMinimalSolverStewenius5ptsImpl::estimate(std::__1::vector<int, std::__1::allocator<int> > const&, std::__1::vector<cv::Mat, std::__1::allocator<cv::Mat> >&) const /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/usac/essential_solver.cpp:181:48
#1 0x7fc64f915d92 in cv::usac::EssentialEstimatorImpl::estimateModels(std::__1::vector<int, std::__1::allocator<int> > const&, std::__1::vector<cv::Mat, std::__1::allocator<cv::Mat> >&) const /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/usac/estimator.cpp:110:46
#2 0x7fc64fa74fb0 in cv::usac::Ransac::run(cv::Ptr<cv::usac::RansacOutput>&) /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/usac/ransac_solvers.cpp:152:58
#3 0x7fc64fa6cd8e in cv::usac::run(cv::Ptr<cv::usac::Model const> const&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, int, cv::Ptr<cv::usac::RansacOutput>&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&) /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/usac/ransac_solvers.cpp:1010:16
#4 0x7fc64fa6fb46 in cv::usac::findEssentialMat(cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, int, double, double, cv::_OutputArray const&) /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/usac/ransac_solvers.cpp:527:9
#5 0x7fc64f3b5522 in cv::findEssentialMat(cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, int, double, double, int, cv::_OutputArray const&) /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/five-point.cpp:437:16
#6 0x7fc64f3b7e00 in cv::findEssentialMat(cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, cv::_InputArray const&, int, double, double, cv::_OutputArray const&) /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/five-point.cpp:486:12
...
Address 0x7fc633704640 is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 17984 in frame
#0 0x7fc64f7ed4ff in cv::usac::EssentialMinimalSolverStewenius5ptsImpl::estimate(std::__1::vector<int, std::__1::allocator<int> > const&, std::__1::vector<cv::Mat, std::__1::allocator<cv::Mat> >&) const /proc/self/cwd/external/com_github_opencv_opencv/modules/calib3d/src/usac/essential_solver.cpp:36
This frame has 63 object(s):
[32, 56) 'coefficients' (line 38)
[96, 384) 'ee' (line 55)
...
[13040, 17568) 'eigensolver' (line 142)
[17824, 17840) 'ref.tmp518' (line 143)
[17856, 17872) 'ref.tmp523' (line 144)
[17888, 19488) 'ref.tmp524' (line 144) <== Memory access at offset 17984 is inside this variable
[19616, 19640) 'ref.tmp532' (line 169)
...
The crash report says that we're accessing a temporary object from
line 144 when we shouldn't be. Line 144 looks like this:
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/blob/4.6.0/modules/calib3d/src/usac/essential_solver.cpp#L144
const auto * const eig_vecs_ = (double *) eigensolver.eigenvectors().real().data();
We are using version 4.6.0 for this, but the problem is present on the
4.x branch.
Note that I am dropping the .real() call here. I think that is safe because
of the code further down (line 277 in the most recent version):
const int eig_i = 20 * i + 12; // eigen stores imaginary values too
The code appears to expect to have to skip doubles for the imaginary parts
of the complex numbers.
Admittedly, I couldn't find a test case that exercised this code path to
validate correctness.
Fix crash in ap3p #23607
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Fixing typos in usac #23900
Just read and correct some typos in `usac`
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Update USAC #23078
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Resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23304
Fixes the incorrect pixel grid
Switches type to double to avoid precision loss as all callers use doubles
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Backport of #22992 to 3.4
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Add `estimateSE2(...)`, `estimateSE3(...)`, `estimateSIM2(...)`, `estimateSIM3(...)` for estimating an geometric transformation with rotation and translation (with scaling for SIM) using USAC: as alternative for `estimateAffinePartial2D` and `estimateAffine3D`.
Modified test module.
Remove unused variables.
Remove initializer of unused variable.
Add interfaces to accept UsacParams() and corresponding test codes.
Revise test code.
PartialNd removed
Umeyama rewritten for code quality & speed
comments & minors
rise number of points
fix, and +30% faster!
only one number should be that big
remove USAC code, leave fix only
big number
Usage of imread(): magic number 0, unchecked result
* docs: rewrite 0/1 to IMREAD_GRAYSCALE/IMREAD_COLOR in imread()
* samples, apps: rewrite 0/1 to IMREAD_GRAYSCALE/IMREAD_COLOR in imread()
* tests: rewrite 0/1 to IMREAD_GRAYSCALE/IMREAD_COLOR in imread()
* doc/py_tutorials: check imread() result
The current implementation overwrites the result rotation and translation in every iteration.
If SOLVEPNP_ITERATIVE was run as a refinement it will start from the incorrect initial
transformation thus degrading the final outcome.
